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Planning Pioneers

Functional Plan Knowledge: Planning Pioneers, AICP Nov 2022 Test

TermDefinition
Charles Abrams US Housing Policy Created the Housing Authority. 1965 published "The City is the Frontier," a book that was highly critical of US federal policies surrounding slum clearance, urban renewal and public housing
Thomas Adams Garden City, English Planner for Garden City Movement. Secretary of the Garden City Association and first manager of Letchworth, UK (1st English Garden City built in 1903 - stimulus to New Town Movement). Developed several garden suburbs in England then became professor.
Saul Alinsky Community Organizing Advocate of community organizing. Helped Chicago's poor in the late 1930's and 1940s. 1946 published "Reveille for Radicals," which encouraged those who were poor to become involved in American democracy. Used boycotts and marches with Alinsky's Orgs
Sherry Arnstein Citizen Participation Wrote "A Ladder of Citizen Participation," for JAPA in 1969. Article describes the 8 levels of involvement by citizens depending on the form of participation utilized from citizen control to manipulation.
Daniel Burnham City Beautiful City Beautiful Movement Architect. Lead force behind 1893 Columbian Exposition and 1909 Plan of Chicago. "Make no little plans. They have to fire to stir men's blood."
Rachel Carson Environmental Planning Wrote "Silent Spring," an important book for environmental planning.
Robert Moses NYC Master Builder Known as the "Master Builder" for New York City. Transformed NYC's public works from 1930s to 1950s, expanded state's park system and build numerous parkways, parks, highways, bridges, tunnels and public housing. Jane Jacobs arch nemesis
John Nolen Garden City, America Leading planner and landscape architect. Designed Mariemont, OH 1923 based on English Garden City principles (short blocks, mixture of rental and owner-occupied housing as in present day New Urbanism Movement). Assisted w 1st comprehensive plan in Florida
Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr. Landscape Architecture "Father of Landscape Architecture." Responsible for parks, Central and Prospect Parks in NY, Niagara Reservation and university campus landscapes. On design team for 1868 Riverside, IL1st planned community stressing rural vs urban amenities.
Clarence Perry Neighborhood Unit = Garden City Developed neighborhood unit concept, which was implemented in Garden City town Radburn, NJ. Key contributor to 1929 "Regional Survey of New York and its Environs"
Paolo Soleri Natural Environment Architect Architect responsible for designing Arcosanti, an experimental utopian city in Arizona focused on minimizing the impact of development on the natural environment.
Clarence Stein Garden City Designer Major proponent of the Garden City Movement. Designed Sunnyside Gardens in Queens, NY (1924), Radburn, NJ (1928), and many other garden suburbs in the US. Garden city concepts led to New Deal's Greenbelt Towns.
Rexford Tugwell Resettlement Admin Head of Resettlement Administration during 1935 New Deal federal program. Built and relocated struggling urban and rural families into new, self-sufficient greenbelt cities (Greenbelt, MD; Greendale, WS, and Greenhills, OH). Forerunner to New Town Mvmt
Sir Raymond Unwin Garden City, English English Garden City town planner and designer of Letchworth, England (1st English Garden City built in 1903 - stimulus to New Town Movement). Later became a professor.
Catherine Bauer Wurster Housing Advocate Founder of American housing policy after writing "Modern Housing" in 1934 and was influential in the Housing Act of 1937.
George Pullman Industrial Town Built Pullman, Illinois, a model industrial town in 1880 to 1884
Andres Duany New Urbanism Founder and Architect of New Urbanism Movement. Designed Seaside, FL 1984, one of the earliest examples of New Urbanism w compactness, walkability, mixed use, and architecture similar to traditional urban neighborhood. Anti-sprawl, smart growth.
Artistole Early Impact on Planning Said towns planned on a grid are visually appealing, but they are are not effective at deterring invaders. If a city is infiltrated, it would be better to have streets people can get lost in, promoting security.
Created by: cristinemshoff
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