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A&P Exam 3 Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In which bone is the obturator foramen located? | Coxal bone |
| Which bone contains the depression that articulates with the occipital condyles? | atlas |
| Paranasal sinuses serve what purpose? | lighten the skull bones, provide an extensive area of mucous epithelium and serve as a resonance chamber |
| Joe suffers a blow to the skull that fractures his nose and breaks the nasal septum superior to the vomer. What bone is broken? | ethmoid bone |
| Parts of the ethmoid bone? | nasal conchae, crista galli, and olfactory foramina |
| The axial skeleton contains the bones of the _____. | skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage |
| What are true ribs? | true ribs attach directly to the sternum by their own costal cartilages |
| The pectoral girdle consists of the _____. | clavicles and scapulae |
| Which 3 bones make up a coxal bone? | ilium, ischium, and pubis |
| The only direct articulation of the pectoral girdle to the axial skeleton is at the _____. | medial end of the clavicle and manubrium |
| Why would a broken clavicle affect the mobility of the arm? | the clavicle holds the upper arm away from the body |
| On which bone would you find a medial malleolus? | tibia |
| Which foot bone transmits the weight of the body from the tibia towards the toes? | talus |
| When you are seated, which part of the pelvis bears your body's weight? | ischial tuberosities |
| Which bone articulates with the scapula at the glenoid cavity? | head of the humerus |
| The head of the femur articulates at the _____. | acetabulum |
| The trochlea of the humerus articulates with the _____, and the capitulum articulates with the _____. | trochlear notch of the ulna; head of the radius |
| You have a young adult patient complaining of joint pain and inflammation. Her uric acid levels are abnormal. Your diagnosis is _____ and the cause is _____. | gouty arthritis; uric acid crystals in synovial fluid |
| A person standing on her toes is _____, while a person lifting his heel towards his own gluteal region is _____. | plantar flexing; flexing his leg |
| When you do jumping jacks, which lower limb movements are necessary? | abduction and adduction |
| The anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments of the knee are distinctive in what way? | they are inside the joint capsule and prevent anterior and posterior movement of the femur |
| Joints are classified functionally as _____, which is based on _____. | synarthroses, amphiarthroses, or diarthroses; amount of movement |
| Which of these characteristics if NOT a component of synovial joints? | immovable joint made of dense regular connective tissue |
| Which tissues or structures provide most of the stability for the shoulder joint? | ligaments and muscles |
| The vertebral column does not contain intervertebral discs between _____. The absence of discs is significant because _____. | the atlas and the axis; a disc would prevent rotation |
| What is an example of an amphiarthrotic joint? | symphysis between the vertebral bodies, pubic bones, and the fibula and tibia |
| How would you classify a suture in the skull according to its movement/function? | synchondrosis |
| provides us a central support structure; muscles that move the head, neck, and the trunk are anchored here? | The axial skeleton |
| provides us with the means of locomotion for movement and manipulate objects; appendages for the upper and lower limbs? | the appendicular skeleton |
| appendicular skeleton contains the? | limbs that allow movement; upper and lower appendages |
| How many cranial bones are there? | 8 |
| bone that forms the forehead and ceiling of the orbital cavity; meets the parietal bone? | frontal bones |
| makes up the back of the head and most of the base of the skull? | occipital bone |
| are paired (2); meet at the center of the skull? | parietal bones |
| paired bones (2); rest around the ears? | temporal bones |
| the keystone of the skull; all other cranial bones articulate with it? | sphenoid |
| extends down into the nasal cavity and vomer; makes up part of the nasal septum and anterior floor of the cranium? | ethmoid |
| part of the floor of the cranium; unites cranial and facial bones; strengthens side of the skull; contains the sphenoidal sinuses; keystone of the skull? | sphenoid functions |
| forms anteromedial floor of the cranium; roof of the nasal cavity; part of the nasal septum and medial orbital wall; contains the ethmoidal air cells? | ethmoid functions |
| part of the ethmoid bone; floor of the cranium; roof of the nasal cavity; contains the crista galli? | cribriform plate |
| part of the ethmoid bone? | crista galli |
| forms superior part of nasal septum? | perpendicular plate |
| holes in cribriform plate for olfactory nerves? | olfactory foramina |
| a depression within the sella turcica, holds the pituitary gland? | hypophyseal fossa |
| saddle-shaped enclosure on the superior surface of the body? | sella turcica |
| How many facial bones are there? | 14 |
| lower jaw; mental foramen? | mandible |
| paired bones; run from the medial side of the orbit into the nasal cavity; have little canals that drain tears from the eye into the nose? | lacrimal bones |
| paired bones; cheek bones? | zygomatic bones |
| A separate bone; turbinates; part of the ethmoid bone? | inferior nasal conchae |
| makes up the bony portion of the nasal septum; the floor of the nasal cavity? | vomer |
| paired facial bones? | nasal bones |
| makes up the hard palate (roof of mouth)? | palatine bones |
| upper jaw; paired bones; majority of the floor; makes up the hard palate (roof of mouth)? | maxillae (maxillary bones) |
| connects the frontal bone to the parietal bones? | coronal suture |
| connects the two parietal bones? | sagittal suture |
| connects the occipital bone to the parietal bones? | lambdoid suture |
| connects the temporal bone to the parietal bones? | squamous suture |
| in the anterior neck under the mandible; does not directly articulate with another bone; connected to the skull; important for muscular attachments especially for the tongue? | hyoid bone and features |
| connects the hyoid bone to the skull; runs from the hyoid bone up to the styloid processes of the skull? | stylohyoid ligaments |
| around or beside the nose? | paranasal |
| sinuses above eyebrows? | frontal paranasal sinus |
| sinuses under the inner part of the eyes? | maxilla paranasal sinus |
| sinuses in the upper portion of the nose? | ethmoid paranasal sinus |
| deep, behind the nose; under the ethmoid paranasal sinus? | sphenoid paranasal sinus |
| hollow portions of the bones to make them a little lighter; lined with mucous membranes to provide some protection for our respiratory system; create a resonance chamber for our voices? | paranasal sinuses |
| what bone makes up the majority of the orbital cavities floor? | maxilla |
| what bone makes up the ceiling of the orbital cavity? | frontal bone |
| soft spot; found in infant skulls; tough, flexible, fibrous connective tissue that connects the bones of the skull to allow for movement during birth and growth during development? | fontanelle |
| neck region; C1-C7? | cervical vertebrae |
| upper back region; T1-T12? | thoracic vertebrae |
| lower back region; L1-L5? | Lumbar vertebrae |
| made up of 5 fused bones? | sacrum |
| made up of 3-5 fused bones? | coccyx |
| thoracic and sacral curves, c-shaped, developed inside the womb? | primary curves |
| cervical and lumbar curves, form after birth at different stages; holding the head up, sitting, crawling, walking? | secondary curves |
| ribs, sternum, thoracic vertebrae? | thoracic cage |
| ribs and sternum? | rib cage |
| made of 3 fused bones: manubrium, sternal body, xiphoid process? | sternum |
| upper portion of the sternum; part that the clavicle articulates with? | manubrium |
| middle part of sternum? | sternal body |
| lower, narrow portion of the sternum (inferior tip)? | xiphoid process |
| first 7 pairs of ribs; attach directly to sternum through their own costal cartilage? | true ribs |
| indirectly attached to the sternum; cartilage attaches to the cartilage of rib 7? | false ribs (8-10) |
| floating ribs; no attachment on the anterior; posterior attachment to the thoracic vertebrae? | false ribs (11-12) |
| composed of the clavicle and scapula? | pectoral girdle (shoulder girdle) |
| a little depression of the scapula where the head of the humerus articulates to create the shoulder joint? | glenoid fossa |
| coxal bones; each is composed of 3 fused bones; ilium, ischium, pubis? | pelvic girdle (hip bones) |
| largest bone of the pelvic girdle? | ilium |
| the lower part that you sit on? | ischium |
| most anterior portion; connected by pubic symphysis? | pubis (pubic bone) |
| cartilaginous joint at which two pubic bones fuse together? | pubic symphysis |
| the hole where the ischium and pubis fused together? | obturator foramen |
| where all 3 coxal bones fuse and meet; deep socket that articulates with the head of the femur to create the hip joint? | acetabulum |
| What is the upper extremities articulation point? | clavicle in the sternum (sternoclavicular joint) |
| What is the lower extremities articulation point? | sacrum and ilium (sacroiliac joint) |
| What forms the shoulder joint? | scapula and humerus |
| What forms the elbow joint? | distal humerus, radius and ulna |
| What forms the hip joint? | coxal bones and head of the femur |
| What forms the knee joint? | femur and tibia |
| How does the female pelvis differ from the male pelvis? | the female pelvis is modified for childbearing and birth; tends to set the bones a little lower and broader |
| immovable joint? | synarthrosis |
| freely movable joint? | diarthrosis |
| slightly movable joint? | amphiarthrosis |
| Decreases the angle of a joint? | flexion |
| increases the angle of a joint; anatomical position? | extension |
| Movement away from the midline of the body? | abduction |
| Movement toward the midline of the body? | adduction |
| along the longitudinal axis; right and left if its the spinal rotation; internal or external for the hip and shoulder? | rotation |
| only found in the spinal column; side bending? | lateral flexion |
| movement beyond the anatomical position (extension)? | hyperextension |
| palm down? | pronation |
| Palm up? | supination |
| ankle flexion; lifting your toes? | dorsiflexion |
| toes down; ankle extenstion? | plantar flexion |
| Turning the sole of the foot inward; toes outward? | inversion |
| turning the sole of the foot outward; toes inward? | eversion |
Created by:
cnh26095
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