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21 Pharm cards

Pharmacology

TermDefinitionExample
Stool softeners - Action: Allows more water and lipids to enter the intestines, softening stool for more easy passage. AE: Diarrhea (docusate) colace (polyethylene glycol) miralax
Laxatives - Action: increases intestinal fluid accumulation laxation by altering water and electrolyte secretion. Stimulates bowel secretions. AE: Cramping (bisacodyl) Ducolax (senna) Senokot
Anticholinergic Agents - Action: blocks action of acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous I system (PNS) AE: dry mouth (benztropine) Cogentin (atropine) Atro-pen
Antianxiety Agents - Action: Reduces transmission of nerve impulses, treating anxiety or acts as a tranquilizer AE: Coordination / dizziness (alprazolam) Xanax (clonazepam) Klonopin
Antiarrhythmic Agents - Actions: Corrects Cardiac arrhythmias by blocking membrane transport of sodium, potassium, and calcium. AE: Tremor, Lethargy (Amiodarone) Nexterone (flecainide) Tambocor
Beta Blockers - Action: Blocks stimulation of beta (myocardial) adrenergic receptor. Manages heart rhythm / BP AE: orthostatic hypotension (metoprolol) Lopressor (atenolol) Tenormin
Loop Diuretic - Action: Inhibits sodium, potassium Chloride transporter in the ascending loop of henle. Reduce extracellular fluid, cardiac output, BP AE: dry mouth (furosemide) Lasix (bumetanide) Bumex
K sparing Diuretics - Action: Prevents sodium reabsorption in the collecting tubule, preventing excessive excretion of k in the urine and lowers retention of water in the collecting tubule. AE: hyperkalemia (spironolactone) Aldactone (Eplerenone) Inspra
Thiazide Diuretics - Action: Decreases sodium reabsorption and reduces fluid absorption. This directly causes lower levels of sodium (inhibits reabsorption of sodium from distal tubules) AE: dizziness (chlorothiazide) Diuril (hydrochlorothiazide) Microzide
Expectorants - Action: Reduces the viscosity of secretions by increasing the amount of respiratory tract fluid / irritates gastric mucosa. AE: Drowsiness / dizziness (Guaifenesin) Mucinex (potassium iodide) pima syrup
Bronchodilators - Action: Stimulates receptors within the tracheobronchial tree to relax and dilate to improve oxygenation. AE: tremors,, dry throat (albuterol) ProAir (salmeterol) Serevent Diskus
Oral Antidiabetic - Action: Lowers blood sugar by stimulating uptake in skeletal muscle and fat, and inhibits a hepatic glucose production. AE: Hypoglycemia (metformin) Glucophage (pioglitazone) Actos
Insulin Antidiabetic - Action: Lowers blood glucose by stimulating glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and fat, inhibit hepatic glucose production. AE: Hypoglycemia (NPH) Humulin (insulin lispro) Humalog
Neuromuscular Blockers - Action: skeletal muscle relaxants used during anesthesia to ease endotracheal intubation and prevent laryngospasms. AE: paralysis (succinylcholine) Anectine (cisatracurium) Nimbex
Uterine Relaxants - Action: Prevents pre-term labor and delivery beta adrenergic receptor stimulator, causing bronchial / uterine muscle relaxation. AE: peripheral edema (terbutaline) Brethine (nifedipine) Procardia
Sedatives - Action: promotes relaxation / rest. AE: labored breathing (triazolam) Halcion (pentobarbital) Nembutal
Antimicrobial Antivirals - Action: Targets specific viruses and inhibits pathogen development. AE: hypertension (oseltamivir) Tamiflu (peramivir) Rapivap
Antimicrobial Antibiotics - Action: kills or slows down bacterial growth. AE: Diarrhea (penicillin) amoxil (cefalexin) Keflex
Salicylates - Action: lowers body temperature by dilation of peripheral blood vessels, causing heat to dissipate out to the extremities. Less likely to feel pain to the brain. AE: G.I. bleed (aspirin) Bayer (magnesium salicylate) Bufferin
Antihypertensive Vasodilators - Action: Dilate blood vessels, preventing muscles from tightening, blood will flow more easily through vessels. AE: orthostatic hypotension (nitroglycerin) nitrostat (nitroprusside) nitropress
Antihypertensive Calcium Channel Blockers - Action: Relaxes blood vessels to lower heart rate and blood pressure by preventing calcium from entering the heart cells. AE: orthostatic hypertension (amlodipine) Norvasc (felodipine) plendil
Anti Coagulants Action: prevents the formation of blood clots. Does not dissolve existing clots. AE: bleeding. Example: (warfarin) Coumadin (Heparin) Hep-lock
Thrombolytics Action: Breaks up and lyses the clots. AE: major bleeding. Example: (Alteplase) Activase (Reteplase) Retavase
Created by: acn988
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