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Chapter 11
Digestive system
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Digestive System | Gastrointestinal |
Functions of digestive system | digestion, absorption, and excretion |
Digestion | process of breaking down food by chewing, swallowing, and mixing in digestive juices to convert some of the food into absorbable molecules |
Absorption | the passage of digested food molecules through the walls of the intestines and into the bloodstream to be carried to cells of the body |
Excretion | elimination of nonabsorbable nutrients and wastes from the body |
abdomin/o, celi/o, lapar/o | abdomen |
an/o | anus |
appendic/o | appendix |
bil/i, chol/e | bile |
bucc/o | cheek |
cheil/o | lip |
col/o, colon/o | colon |
cyst/o | bladder or sac |
dent/i | teeth |
doch/o | duct |
duoden/o | duodenum |
enter/o | small intestine |
enter/o | small intestine |
esophag/o | esophagus |
gastr/o | stomach |
gingiv/o | gum |
gloss/o, lingu/o | tongue |
hepat/o, hepatic/o | liver |
herni/o | hernia |
ile/o | ileum |
inguin/o | groin |
jejun/o | jejunum (empty) |
lith/o | stone |
or/o, stomat/o | mouth |
pancreat/o | pancreas |
peritone/o | peritoneum |
phag/o | eat or swallow |
proct/o | anus and rectum |
pylor/o | pylorus (gatekeeper) |
rect/o | rectum |
sial/o | saliva |
sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon (resembles) |
steat/o | fat |
-emesis | vomiting |
Abdominal clinical divisions | RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ |
Bx | biopsy |
C&S | culture and sensitivity |
CT | computed tomography |
EGD | esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
ERCP | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography |
EUS | endoscopic ultrasonography |
GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease |
GI | gastrointestinal |
HAV | hepatitis A virus |
HBV | hepatitis B virus |
HCV | hepatitis C virus |
LES | lower esophageal sphincter |
LLQ | left lower quadrant |
LUQ | left upper quadrant |
MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
NG | nasogastric |
PUD | peptic ulcer disease |
RLQ | right lower quadrant |
RUQ | right lower upper |
WDWN | well-developed and well-nourished |