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Anatomy Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is an endomorph? Example? | rounded body, Oprah |
| What is a mesomorph? Example? | athletic body, The Rock |
| What is an ectomorph? Example? | slender body, Taylor Swift |
| What is the function of epithelium tissue? | boundaries |
| What is the function of connective tissue? | binding/connecting |
| What is the function of musclar tissue? | movement |
| What is the function of nervous tissue? | connections |
| What is a transverse plane of the body? | top/bottom halves |
| What is a sagittal plane of the body? | left/right |
| What is a frontal/coronal plane of the body? | front/back |
| Where is the cranial cavity? What is one organ in this cavity? | head, brain |
| Where is the vertebral cavity? What is one organ in this cavity? | along vertebrae, spinal cord |
| Where is the thoracic cavity? What is one organ in this cavity? | chest, heart/lungs |
| Where is the abdominal cavity? What is one organ in this cavity? | abdominal, most of digestive system/urinary system |
| Where is the pelvic cavity? What is one organ in this cavity? | pelvis, reproductive system |
| What does anterior mean? | front |
| What does posterior mean? | back |
| What does medial mean? | towards midline |
| What does lateral mean? | away from midline |
| What does proximal mean? | towards origin (attachment) |
| What does distal mean? | away from origin (attachment) |
| What does superior mean? | towards top |
| What does inferior mean? | below |
| What is homeostasis? | maintains a stable internal environment despite changes present in the external environment |
| What is anatomical position? | person is standing erect with arms at both sides and palms facing frontward |
| What is bilateral symmetry? | right and left sides of the body are mirror images of each other |
| What 2 bones comprise the distal portion of the vertebral column? | Sacrum and coccyx |
| What is the axial skeleton? | cranium, vertebral column, and ribs |
| What is the appendicular skeleton? | arms and legs |
| What is bone ossification? | hardening of bone, process of bone formation |
| Where is the cervical vertebrae? How many are there? | the very top, 7 |
| Where is the thoracic vertebrae? How many are there? | middle, 12 |
| Where is the lumbar vertebrae? How many are there? | bottom, 5 |
| What is the largest bone of the upper body? | humerus |
| What is the largest bone of the lower body? | femur |
| What are menisci? | fibrocartilage pads between femur and tibia |
| What is the correct anatomical name for collarbone? | clavicle |
| What is the correct anatomical name for kneecap? | patella |
| What is the correct anatomical name for shin? | tibia |
| What is the correct anatomical name for shoulder blade? | scapula |
| What is the correct anatomical name for breast bone? | sternum |
| What is the correct anatomical name for heel? | calcaneus |
| What is the correct anatomical name for tailbone? | coccyx |
| What is the correct anatomical name for fingers/toes? | phalanges |
| How many phalanges are in each hand? | 14 |
| How many bones are in the human body? | 206 |
| What is a simple fracture? | one that stays in the body |
| What is a compound fracture? | one that exits the skin |
| What does abduction mean? | away midline |
| What does adduction mean? | towards midline |
| What does flexion mean? | decreased angles (bend) |
| What does extension mean? | increase angle (straighten) |
| What does supination mean? | palms up |
| What does pronation mean? | palms down |
| What does dorsiflexion mean? | toes up |
| What does plantar flexion mean? | toes down (pointed feet) |
| What does elevation mean? | lift up |
| What does depression mean? | down |
| What does rotation mean? | turn |
| What does circumduction mean? | circle |
| What is the acetabulum cavity? | hip, deeper than glenoid cavity |
| What is the glenoid cavity? | shoulder, shallow compared to acetabulum cavity |
| Where is at least one ball and socket joint located? | shoulder, hip |
| Where is at least one hinge joint located? | elbow, knee, phalanges |
| Where is at least one saddle joint located? | thumb, trapezium |
| Where is at least one gliding joint located? | wrist |
| Where is at least one pivot joint located? | neck, radius |
| What is a synarthrosis joint? Give one example. | connects adjacent bones (bone to bone), cranium, no movement |
| What is a amphiarthrosis joint? Give one example. | lots of movement, still constricted, vertebrae/pelvis |
| What is a diarthrosis joint? Give one example. | free moving joint, almost all |
| What is an example of a (synovial) condyloid joint? | wrist |
| What is an example of a pivot joint? | atlas/axis, radius/ulna |
| What is an example of a planar joint? | carpals, tarsals |
| Where is the origin of a muscle? | starting, closest to attachment point of body |
| Where is the insertion of a muscle? | away from the origin, where movement occurs |
| What is the longest muscle in the human body? | Sartoris |
| What is a muscle synergist? | helper muscle |
| What does a muscle antagonist do? | opposite motion |
| What is an isotonic muscle movement? | typical movement |
| What is an isometric muscle movement? | same length (wall sit, plank) |
| What is an isokinetic muscle movement? | exercise moving muscles at a consistent speed and resistance |
| Identify the blood cell by common name and function. Erythrocytes? | red blood cell, carry oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body and where needed |
| Identify the blood cell by common name and function. Leukocytes? | white blood cell, help the body fight infection and disease |
| Identify the blood cell by common name and function. Thrombocytes? | platelet, prevent and stop bleeding/clotting |
| Identify the blood cell by common name and function. Plasma? | plasma, to make blood liquid/carry nutrients, hormones, and proteins to other parts of the body |
| What is a hematocrit? | percentage of blood cells within the blood |
| Where does blood cell manufacturing occur? | Red bone marrow |
| How does blood flow within the heart - from where to where? | Vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta, body |
| What carries blood to and from the heart? | arteries - away from the heart vein - towards the heart |
| What are the 4 valves of the heart? | tricuspid, mitral, pulmonary, aortic |
| Where is the thickest wall of the heart/part of the heart located? | left ventricle |
| What structure is called the "pacemaker of the heart?" | SA node |
| What is the lower left corner of the heart called? | apex |
| What causes the "lubb" sound in the heart? | the atria contracting and closing the AV valves (tricuspid and mitral) |
| What causes the "dubb" sound in the heart? | ventricles contracting and closing the SL valves (pulmonary and aortic) |
| How does electricity occur within the heart? | SA node, AV node, bundle of HIS, bundle branches, purkinje fibers |
| Which blood vessel contains valves? Why? | veins, prevents backflow |
| What is sickle cell anemia? | abnormally shaped erythrocytes |
| Which vessels carry blood away from the heart to the lungs? | pulmonary artery |
| Which vessels carry blood from the lungs back to the heart? | pulmonary vein |
| What main vessel carries blood away from the heart to the body? | aorta |
| Which artery in the neck is used to measure blood pressure? | carotid |
| Which artery in the upper arm is used to measure blood pressure? | brachial |
| When taking a blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer, what is the top number called? What about the bottom number? | top - systolic bottom - diastolic |
| List the largest to smallest branches of the respiratory tree. | Trachea, bronchi, broncioles, alveoli |
| Where does the gas exchange occur in the lungs? | alveoli |
| What is the order of blood flow through the vessels, ordered largest to smallest? | arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins |
| Where does the exchange of intersititial fluid and blood occur? | capillaries |
| What is the largest lymphatic vessel, used for drainage back into the heart called, located on the left side? | thoracic duct |
| What are lymph nodes? | collection of lymphatic tissues used to filter and screen lymph |
| What structure of the lymphatic system is located behind the sternum where T-cells mature? | thymus |
| Which immunity included physical barriers such as skin, sweat, and mucus? | Innate |
| What do macrophages do? | devour pathogens (eat) |
| What is phagocytes? | process by which macrophages ingest cells |
| Where are T cells and B cells produced? | red bone marrow |
| Where do T cells mature? | thymus |
| Where do B cells mature? | bone marrow |
| B and T cells are part of what type of immunity? | acquired |
| What is innate immunity? | first line of defense, quick, non-specific |
| What is acquired immunity? | longer, specific |
| What are Y-shaped immunoglobulins produced by the immune system to stop intruders? | antibodies |
| What are antibodies? | immunoglobulins, Y-shaped proteins produced by B cells in response to exposure to antigens |
| What are antigens? | molecules capable of stimulating an immune response |
| What is the different between the lymphatic and immune systems? | lymphatic - transport immune - specific |
| What is the function of mast cells in the immune response? | trigger response |
| who was the Merck doctor who discovered most childhood vaccines? | Maurice Hillerman |
Created by:
HannahMagdziak
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