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ANATOMY
Muscles Chap 9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 3 functions of the muscular system? The | 1. Maintain posture 2. Produce heat 3. Movement |
| what are the types of muscle tissue? | 1. Skeletal 2. Smooth 3. Cardiac |
| What are the 3 characteristics of skeletal muscle? | 1. Striated (has stripes) 2. Voluntary 3. Moves the skeleton |
| What are the 3 characteristics of smooth muscle? | No striations Involuntary Found in organs and blood vessels |
| What are the 3 characteristics of cardiac muscle? | 1. Striations 2. Involuntary 3. Found in the heart |
| What is the name of the dark bands only seen under the microscope of cardiac muscle tissue? | Intercalated disks; allows all cardiac muscle fibers to contract together |
| What structure allows skeletal muscles to attach to bones? | Tendons |
| Are tendons muscle tissue? | No, they cannot contract. They are connective tissue |
| What is a tendon sheath? | An envelope of synovial fluid that a tendon runs through; it decreases friction on the tendon as the muscle contracts' |
| What two filaments make up skeletal muscle and causes the contraction? | 1. Actin (thin) 2. Myosin (thick) |
| What is the basic functional unit of skeletal muscle? | The sarcomere |
| What 2 things are required for muscle contraction? | 1. Calcium 2. ATP |
| What term refers to the bone that does not move when muscle contracts? | Origin |
| What term refers to the bone that moves when muscle contracts? | Insertion |
| When muscle contracts, what happens to the bones it is attached to? | The insertion bone is pulled closer to the origin bone |
| What term refers to the main muscle for a particular action? | Primer mover |
| What term refers to a muscle that helps the prime mover? | Synergist |
| What term refers to the muscle that does the opposite motion of the prime mover? | Antagonist |
| What type of muscle contraction enables us to maintain body position? | Tonic contraction |
| What is tonic contraction? | Only a few of the muscle’s fibers shorten at one time It produces no movement |
| What produces most of the heat required to maintain normal body temperature? | Muscle contraction |
| what are 3 features of muscle fatigue? | Reduced strength of contraction Caused by lack of rest between contractions ATP becomes depleted |
| When contractions occur without enough oxygen, what is produced and what does it cause? | Lactic acid Causes burning sensation in the muscle |
| What is “oxygen debt” | Having to breathe rapidly and deeply to deactive the lactic acid that has accumulated during the exercise |
| What is the term for muscles that become larger with exercise? | Hypertrophy |
| What is the term for muscles that become smaller without exercise? | Atrophy |
| What is required before a muscle can shorten and produce movement? | A nerve impulse |
| What is a motor neuron? | A nerve that transmits an impulsive to muscle causing contractions |
| What is a neuromuscular junction? | where the nerve lands on the muscle it supplies |
| What is a motor unit? | The combination of a motor neuron and all the muscle cells it innervates. |
| What is a threshold stimulus? | The minimum level of intensity needed from the nerve for the muscle to contract. |
| Once a muscle reaches threshold stimulus, what type of response occurs? | All or none, The entire motor unit will contract if threshold is met, none will contract if it not met |
| What type of contractions are those that produce movement at a joint, such as walking and running? | Isotonic contractions |
| What type of contractions are those that produce NO movement, such as holding a weight steady? | Isometric contractions |
| What does strength training involve? | Contraction of muscles against heavy resistance |
| What does strength training increase? | Increases the number of myofilaments in each muscle fiber, making the muscle get bigger. There are no new muscle cells made |
| What are the effects of endurance training on skeletal muscle? | Increases the number of mitochondria in a muscle fiber, allowing a person to run longer before running out of ATP |
| What type of movement decreases the angle between two bones at their joint? | Flexion |
| What type of movement increases the angle between two bones at their joint? | Extension |
| What type of movement takes the muscle away from the midline? | Abduction |
| What type of movement takes the muscle towards the midline? | Adduction |
| What type of movement allows a person to draw a circle with a body part, like the head or index finger? | Circumduction |
| What are 2 types of hand and feet movements that turn the palms and soles up or down? | 1. Supination (palm turned anterior) 2. Pronation (palm turned posterior ) |
| What 2 types of movements are unique to the foot? | Dorsiflexion (lift toes up) Plantarflexion (point toes downward |
| What muscle flexes the upper arm? | Pectoralis major |
| What muscle extends the upper arm? | Latissimus dorsi |
| What muscle abducts the upper arm? | Deltoid |
| What muscle flexed the forearm? | Biceps brachii |
| what muscle extends the forearm? | Triceps brachii |
| What are the 4 abdominal muscles? | 1. Internal oblique 2. External oblique 3. Transverse abdominis 4. Rectus abdominis |
| What are the two main respiratory muscles? | Intercostal muscles Diaphragm |
| What muscle flexes the thigh? | Iliopsoas |
| What muscle extends the thigh? | Gluteus maximus |
| What muscle Adducts thighs? | Adductor muscles |
| What muscle flexes the legs? | Hamstrings |
Created by:
BriAnnaNM
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