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ANATOMY
Tissues Chap 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What is tissue? | A group of cells, usually similar, which share a particular function. Each organ is made up of tissues |
| What are 2 types of tissues? | 1. Epithelium 2. Connective Tissue |
| What are the two categories of connective tissue? | 1. Fibrous (proper) connective tissue 2. Special connective tissue |
| What are the 5 types of Proper connective tissues? | 1. Adipose 2. Reticular 3. Loose 4. Dense regular 5. Dense irregular |
| What are 5 types of special connective tissue? | 1. Cartilage 2. Bone 3. Blood 4. Muscle 5. Nerves |
| What supplies oxygen + nutrients to the epithelium? | Blood vessels in the connective tissue |
| What sits on the top of connective tissue and is connected to it by the basement membrane? | Epithelia |
| What is the basement membrane made of? | The basement membrane is made of protein fibers |
| what is the ONLY function of the basement membrane? | To attach the epithelium to the connective tissue beneath the basement membrane |
| What are the upper and lower surfaces of epithelium called? | Basal Side Apical Side |
| What are the two different types of epthelium? | 1. Simple Epithelium 2. Stratified Epithelium |
| What are the 4 types of simple epithelium ? | 1. Simple squamous 2. Simple cuboidal 3. Simple columnar 4. Pseudostratified columnar |
| What are the 4 types stratified epithelium? | 1. Stratified squamous 2.stratfied cuboidal 3. stratified columnar 4. transitional |
| Which type of epithelium is the thinnest? | Simple squamous |
| what epithelium only has one layer? | Simple epithelium |
| which epithelium has flat cells that allow for diffusion of materials between cells? | Simple squamous epithelium. Found in the lungs |
| Which type of epithelium is cube shaped and allows for a lot of material going from one compartment to another and also plenty of organelles? | Simple Cuboidal Epithelium. Found in the kidney tubules |
| What type of epithelium has 1 layer of rectangular shaped cells? | Simple columnar |
| What type of epithelium always has cilia on their apical surface | Pseudo-Stratified Epithelium Found in the trachea |
| Which type of epithelium is found in the trachea? What special cell is associated with them, and what does it produce? | Pseudo-stratified Epithelium / associated with Goblet cells, which produce mucus |
| What type of epithelium has more than 1 cell layer? | Stratified Epithelium |
| in stratified epithelium, if the basal cells are one shape and the apical cells are another shape, which layer is the epithelium named after? | apical layer. if the basal layer is cuboidal shaped, but the apical layer is squamous shaped, it would be named stratified squamous epithelium. |
| What are the two types of Stratified squamous epithleum? | Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium Non-Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium |
| Which Stratified Squamous Epithelium is waterproof and found in the thick, dry areas of the skin? | Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium |
| Which Stratified Squamous Epithelium is moist skin (like what is found lining the mouth and esophagus)? | Non Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium |
| What type of epithelium usually consists of 2 layers are square shaped and are no diffusion between them & is usually found in tubes associated with glands? | Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium -sweat gland |
| What epithelium can stretch and change shape? Where is it found? | Transitional epithelium- Urinary Bladder |
| What are the 2 types of connective tissue? | Fibrous connective tissue (proper) Special connective tissue |
| What are the 5 types of proper (fibrous) connective tissue? | 1. Adipose connective tissue 2. Reticular (lymph nodes) 3. Loose connective tissue 4. Dense irregular connective tissue 4=5. Dense regular connective tissue |
| What tissue has lots of adipocytes? What is stored in it? | Adipose Tissue FAT is stored inside |
| What tissue are lymph nodes? | Reticular |
| What is the least specialized connective tissue? | Areolar |
| What type of tissue’s main cell type is Fibroblast and is common in areas just deep to epithelium? | Loose connective tissue (Areolar) |
| What are the main characteristics of Dense Irregular connective tissue? | 1. Has lots of collagen fibers 2. Fibers have irregular 3. Extremely strong in all directions 4. Found in joint capsules |
| What are the main characteristics of Dense Regular connective tissue and an example of where it can be found? | 1. Has lots of collagen fibers that have a pattern and run in the same direction. Stronger than Irregular, but in one direction. 2. Ligaments and tendons (they are not muscle tissue) |
| What tissue type are tendons? | Dense regular connective tissue |
| What are the 5 3 types of special connective tissue? | 1. Cartilage 2. Bone 3. Blood 4. Muscle 5. Nervous tissue |
| What is the main cell of caterilage? | Chondrocytes |
| What type of tissue extracellular matrix is dense collagen, almost solid, very rigid, and avascular? | Cartilage |
| What are the three types of cartilage, and where is each one found? Which is most common? | 1. Hyaline Cartilage (joints) 2 Elastic cartilage (ear) 3. Fibrocartilage (intervertebral discs) |
| What type of tissues’ extracellular matrix is solid and full of minerals? What is the main cell type? | Bone (main type is osteocyte) |
| What type of tissues’ extracellular matrix is plasma? | Blood |
| What is the main cell type of blood? | Erythrocyte |
| What are the 3 types of membranes | Synovial, mucous, serous |
| What membranes lines the inside of fluid-filled joints and has cellular layers that are incomplete, with gaps between adjacent cells? | Synovial |
| What membranes are covered in epithelium and are involved in absorption and secretion? | Mucous |
| What membranes cover the heart, lungs, and line the abdominal cavity? | Serous |
| What is the major function of a serous membrane? | To produce tiny amounts of transudate on their opposing surfaces to reduce friction |
| What is inflammation of the serous membrane of the heart called? | Pericardits |
| What is inflammation of the serous membrane of the lungs called? | Pleuritis |
| What is inflammation of the serous membrane of the abdominal cavity called? | Peritonitis |
| Is collagen a cell or just a protein fiber? Where is it found? | Type of protein fiber, It is found in all connective tissues (other than blood) |
| What cell makes collagen? | Fibroblasts |
| What gives connective tissue an elastic consistency and does not interfere with diffusion of materials from area to another? | Collagen |
| What are the two types of glands? | Exocrine Glands Endocrine Glands |
| What type of gland secretes substances into a duct which empties out onto the skin or into the lumen of a body tube? | Exocrine Glands |
| What type of gland secretes its product (hormones) into blood? | Endocrine Glands |
| What are the four types of exocrine glands based on the type of secretion? | 1. Serous Glands 2. Mucous Glands 3. Mixed Glands ( serous + mucous) 4. Oil Glands |
| What do serous glands secrete? | Sweat (watery secretion) |
| What do mucous glands secrete? | Mucous (watery secretion) |
| What do oil glands secrete? | waxy + oily substances (no water) |
| What is an example of a mixed gland | Salivary gland |
| Is a goblet cell a unicellular or multicellular gland? | Goblet cells are unicellular glands |
| Which two types of glands are found all over the body? | Sebaceous (oil) and Eccrine (sweat) |
Created by:
BriAnnaNM
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