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Urinary System
Review of the Urinary System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Microscopic filtering units in the kidney | nephrons |
| This artery carries blood to the kidney and branches of this artery carry this blood to the first part of the nephron. | Renal artery |
| What substances are filtered out of the blood as blood passes through the capillaries? | water, mineral salts, glucose, metabolic products |
| what passes substances into the convulted tubule? | Bowman's capsule |
| Excess products such as __________ remain in the tubule and become urine. | sugar, mineral salts, some water, wastes |
| the rhythmic wavelike motion of the involuntary muscle of the ureter is called | peristalsis |
| what does peristalsis do | moves urine from the kidney to the bladder |
| what are folds on the walls of the bladder | rugae |
| what do rugae do | allow the bladder to expand |
| how long is the urethra in males | about 8 in (carries semen and urine) |
| how long is the urethra in females? | about 1.5 in (carries only urine) |
| 5 waste products in urine | mineral salts, creatinine, urea (forms when proteins are broken down), water, uric acid |
| polyuria | excessive urination |
| oliguria | below normal urination |
| anuria | absence of urination |
| hematuria | blood in urine |
| pyuria | pus in urine |
| nocturia | urination at night |
| dysuria | painful urination |
| retention | inability to empty the bladder |
| incontinence | involuntary urination |
| proteinuria | protein in urine |
| albuminuria | albumin in urine |
| inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis | pyelonephritis |
| inflammation of the bladder | cystitis |
| formation of stones | renal calculus |
| an accumulation of urinary wastes in the blood caused by kidney failure | uremia |
| a machine removing waste products from blood because of kidney failure | hemodialysis |
| 2 urinary diseases that might require a kidney transplant | CRF (chronic renal failure), Uremia, pyelonephritis |
| Cystitis is usually caused by what | pathogens |
| what is the inflammation of the glomerulus of the kidney? | glomerulonephritis |
| Pyelonephritis (type of UTI) is usually caused by what | pyogenic bacteria |
| Renal Calculus | kidney stone |
| sudden intense pain (because of renal calculus) | renal colic |
| what TOXIC condition occurs when the kidneys fail & urinary waste products are present in the blood stream? | Uremia (azotemia) |
| Urethritis is usually caused by what | bacteria, viruses, or chemicals |
| other names for the urinary system | excretory system or renal system |
| the urinary system helps maintain what balance | acid-base balance |
| each kidney is enclosed in a mass of what | fatty tissue called an adipose capsule |
| each kidney is divided into what sections | 2 main sections: cortex (outside) & medulla (inside) |
| a C shaped structure that picks up materials filtered from the blood and passes them into the tubules | Bowman's capsule |
| 2 muscular tubes about 10-12 in long that move urine from the kidneys to the bladder | ureters |
| hollow, macular sac that lies behind the symphysis pubis at the midline of the pelvic cavity | bladder |
| this is the outer section of the kidney | cortex |
| this is the inner section of the kidney that contains most of the collecting tubules that carry urine from the nephrons through the kidneys | medulla |
| 3 layers of what muscle form the walls of the bladder? | visceral (smooth) |
| the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside | urethra |
| external opening of the urethra | urinary meatus |
| urine is ____% water | 95% |
| when is a calculus formed | when salts in the urine precipitate and create a small stone |
| Which part of the kidney serves as a passageway for nerves and vessels to enter and leave? | hilum |
| the cortex contains | nephrons which help produce urine |
| the medulla contains | tubules which collect urine and carry it through the kidney |
| what is the filtration system in the kidney | glomerulus |
| where is the Bowman's Capsule? | surrounding the glomerulus |
| In the convoluted tubules, substances needed by the body are | reabsorbed into the bloodstream |
| any waste and excess wastes that remain in the convoluted tubules become urine. Urine is passed to the __________ where it can be passed for excretion. | collecting tubules |
Created by:
CarlyStrahm
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