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American Government
Final Exam Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| House of Burgesses | The legislative assembly established in the 1640s in Virginia, now known as the General Assembly of Virginia |
| Parts of the Declaration of Independence | the introduction, the preamble, the indictment of King George III, the denunciation of the British Government, and the conclusion |
| From where does the power come from stated in the Declaration of Independence? | Stated that in democracy, power comes from the people. |
| Legislative Branch | House of representatives whose membership is based on the population of a state; Senate whose membership is based on 2 senators per state. |
| Why did Federalist agree to add a Bill of Rights to the Constitution? | They agreed in order to persuade the anti-federalists to accept the constitution. |
| U.S. Constitution v. Articles of Confederation | The constitution created a national government having three branches: Legislative, Judicial, and Executive |
| Differences between the Anti-Federalists and the Federalists | Federalists and Anti-Federalists disagreed most strongly over the division of powers between the national and state governments. |
| A major reason why the Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution | as protection for those fearful of a strong national government |
| “Father of the Constitution” | James Madison |
| Checks and Balances ( 2 questions) | system that was put into place to stop other branches from becoming too powerful. |
| First Amendment | Freedom of speech, Press, Religion, Right of people to peaceably assemble, and petition the gov. for a redress of grievances. |
| Where did the Anti-Federalists believe the power was given in the original draft of the Constitution? | The national Government |
| Federalists beliefs on the Constitution | development of political factions would prevent any one branch from getting too much power; checks and balances designed for preventing three branches from too much power; strong gov. was necessary to facilitate anything involving foreign countries. |
| Some main areas for which the Constitution provides? | Developing checks and balances so the three brunch's don't produce a main central gov.; making law while giving states power to govern; placating southern states by counting slaves 3/5 population when picking representative for house of representatives. |
| Election of 1800 | The first instance of political power being transferred peacefully from one political party to another. Thomas Jefferson (Democratic-Republican) beat Jhon Adams (Federalist) |
| Veto | Power granted to the president in order to prevent passage of legislation. |
| Judicial Review | The Supreme Court can declare a law unconstitutional because of the principal of judicial review. |
| What court case established Judicial Review Central idea of democracy | Marbury v. Madison |
| According to the Declaration of Independence, from where should the government derive their legitimacy? | Governments should derive their legitimacy from the consent of the governed or people. |
| One goal of the American Revolution | Liberty |
| Know what the 14th, 15th, 19, and 21st amendments were all about. (2 questions) | (14) defining national citizenship and forbidding the states to restrict basic rights of citizens or other; (15) granted African american male voting rights; (19) grated woman voting; (21) repealed 18th on prohibition. |
| Political Machines | a party organization that recruits its members by the use of incentives— including money, jobs and/or favors. Characterized by a high degree of leadership control over member activity |
| Reapportionment of the Constitution | The constitution requires "reapportionment" every 10 years. |
| The concept in the opening words of the Preamble | express the concept of popular sovereignty |
| Procedures for a president to be removed from office | 1. The House of Representatives votes for impeachment 2. The senate conducts a trail and reaches verdict. |
| Pocketbook Vote | The economy serves as a driving force for many in determining the outcome of certain elections. |
| What was the following court case about?: Marbury v. Madison | established judicial review |
| What was the following court case about?: Roe v. Wade | Upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were "equal" in quality, a doctrine that came to be known as "separate but equal". |
| What was the following court case about?: Plessy v. Ferguson | Affirmed the legality of a women's right to have an abortion |
| What was the following court case about?: McCullouch v Maryland | imposed taxes on the banks. |
| Cloture Motion | Cuts off debate on a bill |
| Formal qualifications to run for President and/or Congress | 1. Natural born Citizen of USA, 2. at least 35 yrs.,3 resident o the US for at least 14 yrs.. Congress 1. Senators 30 yrs.(25 representatives) 2. Citizens of elected state for at least 9 yrs. |
| Due Process | A state may not take a person's life, liberty or property. |
| How many amendments are in the Constitution today? | 27 amendments |
| What are the Bill of Rights? | The Bill of Rights is the first 10 Amendments to the Constitution. These amendments guarantee certain basic rights to all citizens. |
| Double Jeopardy | prohibits anyone from being prosecuted twice for substantially the same crime |
| Refugees v. illegal aliens | Refugees are fleeing with governmental permission and illegals aliens are people who are in a country without governmental permission |
| Biggest entitlement program | Social Security Established as part of FDR's New Deal. |
| Magna Carta | Established a limited Government. |
| Progressive Tax v. Flat Tax | Progressive tax systems have tiered tax rates that charge higher income individuals higher percentages of their income and offer the lowest rates to those with the lowest incomes. Flat tax plans generally assign one tax rate to all taxpayers. |
| What do Article I, II, and III establish in the Constitution | the three branches of government and their powers: Legislative (Congress), Executive (office of the President,) and Judicial (Federal court system) |
| What did the framers of the Constitution intend to establish? | A representative republic. |
| Establishment Clause | the clause in the First Amendment of the US Constitution that prohibits the establishment of religion by Congress. |
| Federalism | The division of powers between the levels of Government. |
| Steps for an amendment to be adopted | 1: 2/3 of both houses of congress pass proposed constitutional amendment, sending it to states for ratification. 2: 3/4 of states (38) ratify the amendment, either by their legislatures or special ratifying conventions. |
| Articles of Confederation | There was no supreme court; Each state had one vote in congress; to add amendments to the Articles of confederation, the 13 states had to unanimously agree |
| Civic Duty v. Jury Duty (2 questions) | Civic: Person has an obligation to participate in Gov./civic affairs. Jury: If a Registered voter of have a drivers licence, you may be called for Jury Duty. Also one aspect of Civic Duty. |
| Closed Primary v. Open Primary | Closed: Requires that votes declare that they are a registered member of the party in order to vote in that primary election. Open: Allows any registered voter to cast their ballot in either parties primary. |
| Who is responsible for forming the boundaries of the US congressional districts? | State Legislators |
| Declaration of Independence (2 Questions) | A description of the purpose of Government; A list of grievances against the King of England; A definition of peoples' natural rights. |
Created by:
a.j.reyes
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