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A&P-Endocrine Vocab
A&P - Endocrine System Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Endocrine system | Made up of glands that produce and secrete hormones to regulate growth, in response to stress and injury, and maintains homeostasis. |
| Exocrine gland | release their product into ducts or tubes |
| Endocrine gland | ductless gland that produces hormones into the bloodstream |
| Hormone | chemical messenger produced by endocrine system and carried via blood to target cells |
| Pituitary gland | releases growth hormone - master gland: controls all of the other glands |
| Hypothalamus | releases anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) - controls the actions of the pituitary gland |
| Pineal | releases melatonin |
| Thyroid | releases thyroxine, thyroid hormones control your metabolism |
| Parathyroids | releases parathormone, takes calcium from the bones to make it available in the blood |
| Thymus | releases thymosin |
| Adrenals | release adrenaline |
| Pancreas (as an endocrine) | releases insulin, helps the body to maintain healthy blood sugar (glucose) levels |
| Ovaries | releases estrogen and progesterone |
| Testes | releases testosterone |
| negative feedback system | when the levels go above or below a SET POINT, the endocrine system secretes hormones to lower or raise the level. |
| positive feedback system | the enhancement or amplification of an effect by its own influence on the process that gives rise to it |
| prolactin - PRL | stimulates milk production |
| gynecomastia | breast growth - can be stimulated by Risperdal (ADHD drug) can increase production of prolactin |
| Growth Hormone - GH: | stimulates growth in childhood and maintains muscle mass and bone mass |
| myostatin inhibitor | inhibits muscles growth, drugs being developed to help with muscular dystrophy |
| adrenocorticotropin - ACTH | stimulates production of cortisol by the adrenal glands |
| cortisol | adrenal cortex , helps maintain blood pressure and glucose levels |
| Thyroid-stimulating hormone - TSH | stimulates the thyroid gland to make thyroid hormones which in turn regulate the body's metabolism, energy, growth and development, and nervous system activity |
| luteinizing hormone or LH | regulates testosterone in mean and estrogen in women. gonadotropin |
| follicle-stimulating hormone or FSH | promotes sperm production in men and stimulates the ovaries to release eggs (ovulate) in women. |
| LH and FSH | work together to allow normal function of the ovaries or testes. (gonadotropin) |
| Oxytocin | causes milk letdown in nursing mothers and contractions during childbirth |
| Pitocin | synthetic form of oxytocin, used to induce labor or augment (speed up) labor |
| antidiurectic hormone or ADH | aka vasopressin, stored in the back part of the pituitary gland and regulates water balance. |
| thyroxin (T4) | thyroid hormone - increases the rate at which cells release energy from carbohydrates |
| tri-iodothyronine (T3) | thyroid hormone - increases the rate at which cells release energy from carbohydrates |
| calcitonin | thyroid hormone - regulates the blood concentration of calcium |
| basal metabolic rate or BMR | how many calories the body must consume to maintain life |
| goiter | lack of iodine which causes a swelling of the thyroid |
| hypothyroidism | abnormally low activity of the thyroid gland, resulting in retardation of growth and mental development in children and adults |
| hyperthyroidism | overactivity of the thyroid gland, resulting in a rapid heartbeat and an increased rate of metabolism |
| epinephrine | adrenal medulla - increases the heart rate, breathing rate, elevated blood pressure (sympathetic nervous system) |
| norepinephrine | adrenal medulla - increases the heart rate, breathing rate, elevated blood pressure (sympathetic nervous system) |
| aldosterone | adrenal cortex - helps kidneys conserve sodium and excrete potassium, maintaining blood pressure |
| adrenal sex hormones | androgens (male) and estrogens (female) |
| Cushing's disease | adrenal gland disorder in dogs - increased thirst and urination, increased hunger, increased panting, pot-bellied abdomen, obesity, loss of hair |
| Addison's disease | hyposecretion of cortisol, low blood pressure results, increased pigmentation |
| glucagon | pancreas - stimulates the liver to break down glycogen, raises blood sugar |
| insulin | pancreas - decreases blood sugar concentrations, affects the uptake of glucose by cells |
| Type I - diabetes | insulin dependent diabetes mellitus or juvenile onset diabetes, often caused by inherited immune disorder that destroys pancreatic cells |
| diabetes mellitus | results from an insulin deficiency, blood sugar rises (hyperglycemia) and excess is excreted in the urine |
| Type II - diabetes | mature onset diabetes (usually after the age of 40) often individuals are overweight, can be controlled with diet and exercise |
| hypoglycemia | can occur if levels become too low, can be cured with direct injection of glucose or with eating something high in sugar. |
| diabetes insipidus | an uncommon condition that occurs when the kidneys are unable to conserve water as they perform their function of filtering blood |
| gestational diabetes | usually starts halfway through the pregnancy, pregnancy hormones can block insulin from doing its job. When this happens, glucose levels may increase in a pregnant woman's blood. |
| diabetic neuropathies | family of nerve disorders caused by diabetes |
| melatonin | pineal gland - maintains circadian rhythms (light and dark activity)_ |
| gonadotropins | include any hormone that affect the gonads |
| steroids | One of a large group of chemical substances classified by a specific carbon structure |
| anabolic steroids | artificially produced hormones that are the same as, or similar to |
| androgens | male sex hormone |
| testosterone | a steroid hormone that stimulates development of male secondary sexual characteristics, produced mainly in the testes, but also in the ovaries and adrenal cortex |
| corticosteroids | used to reduce inflammation that can result from injury or allergic reaction |
| estrogen | any of a group of steroid hormones which promote the development and maintenance of female characteristics of the body |
Created by:
droesener
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