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Anatomy @ Final Prep
Final Exam Preparation for Anatomy @ 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The body as a whole can be subdivided into two major divisions. They are | axial and appendicular. |
| The knee is ________ to the foot. | proximal |
| Which structure is located entirely within the right upper quadrant? | gallbladder |
| _____ refers to an inner region of an organ, whereas _____ refers to an outer region or layer of an organ. | Medullary; cortical |
| Which organ is not found in the ventral body cavity? | spinal cord |
| The sternal region is ________ to the scapular region. | anterior |
| An x-ray technician has been asked to make x-ray films of the liver. Which of the abdominopelvic regions must be included? | Right hypochondriac, epigastric, and left hypochondriac |
| Which of the following is not one of the characteristics of life? | Balance |
| The abdominopelvic cavity contains all of the following except the: | heart. |
| If your reference point is “farthest from the trunk of the body” versus “nearest to the trunk of the body,” where does the knee lie in relation to the ankle? | Proximal |
| Which of the following does not describe anatomical position? | Arms extended from the shoulders, palms up |
| The mediastinum contains all of the following except the: | right lung. |
| Two major cavities of the human body are: | ventral/dorsal. |
| From smallest to largest, the levels of organization of the body are: | chemical, organelle, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism. |
| The reproductive system includes all of the following except the: | ureter. |
| The plane that divides the body into upper and lower parts is the _____ plane. | transverse |
| Electrolytes are: | called cations if they have a positive charge. |
| A weak acid: | dissociates very little in solution. |
| A force holding two atoms together is a(n) | chemical bond. |
| For sodium to transform from a neutral atom to a positive ion, it must: | lose an electron. |
| The most abundant element essential to life is | carbon. |
| The reaction between hydrogen and oxygen needed to form water is an example of a: | synthesis reaction. |
| The total number of electrons in a neutral atom equals the number of: | protons in its nucleus. |
| An atom can be described as chemically inert if its outermost electron shell contains _____ electrons. | eight |
| Ionic bonds are chemical bonds formed by the: | transfer of electrons from one atom to another. |
| Which subatomic particles carry a charge? | Protons and electrons |
| The type of chemical reaction most likely to require energy is a(n) _____ reaction. | synthesis |
| Hydrogen bonds result from unequal charge distribution on a molecule. Such molecules are said to be | polar. |
| As the concentration of hydrogen ions increases, the pH goes _____, and the solution becomes more _____. | down; acidic |
| Which of the following is not one of the major elements present in the human body? | Zinc |
| Atomic mass is determined by the number of: | protons and neutrons. |
| The atomic number of carbon is 6. How many unpaired electrons are in its outer shell? | Four |
| A magnesium atom has an atomic number of 12, an atomic mass of 25, and a +2 charge. This atom would contain _____ protons, _____ neutrons, and _____ electrons. | 12; 13; 10 |
| Carbon has an atomic number of 6. The number of electrons found in the first shell is: | two. |
| Which of the following represents a trace element in the body? | Iron |
| The hydrogen isotope tritium consists of: | one proton and two neutrons. |
| The formation of sucrose involves the removal of a molecule of water. This is called: | dehydration synthesis. |
| The octet rule refers to the: | stability of the atom when there are eight electrons in the outermost energy level. |
| An ionic bond is formed by: | a positive and a negative ion attracting each other. |
| Substances that accept hydrogen ions are called: | bases. |
| In the matrix of the plasma membrane, a variety of proteins are embedded. Some of these proteins serve as passageway for Na+ ions or glucose. These proteins are called | transport proteins. |
| Phospholipids of the plasma membrane are arranged | as a bilayer with their nonpolar tails sandwiched between the polar heads. |
| Which area of the cytoplasm near the nucleus coordinates the building and breaking of microtubules in the cell? | centrosome |
| This organelle is primarily a sac of powerful digestive enzymes called acid hydrolases. | lysosome |
| Ribosomes are organelles that | float in the cytoplasm and attach to the endoplasmic reticulum. |
| This organelle has both a cis and a trans face. | Golgi apparatus |
| This membranous organelle is the site of protein synthesis for proteins that are secreted by the cell. | rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| This organelle is characterized by folded membranes called cristae. | mitochondria |
| Which of the following statements about integral proteins in the plasma membrane is false? | They are more abundant by volume than the membrane phospholipids. |
| Which of the following is not a cytoskeleton element? | centriole |
| Which of the following is not a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? | Provides a site for ribosome attachment |
| Which of the following is not true of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? | It makes lipids and carbohydrates. |
| The nucleolus is composed chiefly of: | rRNA. |
| The structure that separates the contents of a cell from the surrounding tissue is known as: | plasma membrane. |
| Which are the organelles that allow for the recycling of amino acids in the cell? | Proteasomes |
| Which cell extension lacks a central pair of microtubules, is not found in blood cells, and functions in the kidney to monitor urine flow? | Primary cilium |
| Which of the following organelles is considered a nonmembranous organelle? | Ribosome |
| The ____ is often called the microtubule organizing center. | centrosome |
| The identification function of the cell membrane is carried out by the: | glycoprotein molecules. |
| Which of the following is not true about ribosomes? | Surrounded by a membrane structure |
| Which organelles consist of vesicles that have pinched off from the Golgi apparatus? | Lysosomes |
| The connective tissue membranes that line the spaces between bones and joints are called _____ membranes. | synovial |
| Of the many different kinds of protein compounds in the body, which is the most abundant? | collagen |
| The strongest and most durable type of cartilage is | fibrocartilage. |
| Besides water, extracellular matrix contains | proteins and proteoglycans. |
| The skin glands include three kinds of microscopic glands. They are the __________ glands. | sweat, sebaceous, and ceruminous |
| Which of the following is the most superficial layer of the epidermis? | stratum corneum |
| Fibrocartilage can be found in the | symphysis pubis. |
| Which bone serves as the keystone in the architecture of the cranium? | sphenoid |
| Which of the following is a bone in the axial skeleton? | vertebra |
| The joint between the pubic portions of each coxal bone is the | pubic symphysis. |
| Which of the following is(are) not in the appendicular skeleton? | vertebrae |
| The dense, white fibrous membrane that covers bone except at joint surfaces is the | periosteum. |
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alainlemesse
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