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Anatomy- Muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force | contractility |
| capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus | excitability |
| ability to be stretched | extensibility |
| ability to recoil to original resting length after being stretched | elasticity |
| helps produce heat to maintain body temp | muscles |
| connective tissue sheath surrounding skeletal muscle | epimysium |
| connective tissue outside the epimysium | fascia |
| a muscle is composed of numerous visible bundles called | muscle fascicle |
| the muscle fascicle is surrounded by loose connective tissue called | perimysium |
| muscle cells | fibers |
| each fiber is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called | endomysium |
| the cytoplasm of each fiber is filled with | myofibrils |
| thin myofilaments | actin |
| thick myofilaments | myosin |
| sarcomere extends from | one z line to another |
| each side of the z line has a light area called | i band |
| the a band extends how far? | the length of the myosin |
| myosin is light or dark | dark |
| light area in the center of each sarcomere | h zone |
| myosin myofilaments are anchored in the center of the sarcomere by a dark band called the | M line |
| the outside of most cell membranes is charged how? | positively |
| the inside of most cell membranes is charges how? | negatively |
| what is the difference in charge called across the membrane | resting membrane potential |
| when muscle cells respond to a stimulus the membrane characteristics change briefly. the brief reversal back to the charge is called | action potential |
| nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal uscle fibers | motor neurons |
| when axons enter the muscle cell and branch off, this is formed near the center of the cell | synapse |
| a single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it touches is called a | motor unit |
| an enlarged nerve terminal | presynaptic terminal |
| the space between a presynaptic terminal and a muscle cell | synaptic cleft |
| in a synaptic cleft, the muscle fiber is the what | postsynaptic terminal |
| what is secreted by each synaptic vesicle in a presynaptic terminal | acetylcholine |
| what enzymes break down acetylcholine | acetylcholinesterase |
| what occurs as actin and myosin myofilaments slide past each other causing the sarcomeres to shorten | muscle contraction |
| what is the act of actin and myosin sliding past one another called | sliding filament mechanism |
| a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes action potential in one or more muscle fibers | twitch |
| what has to be reached before a muscle fiber can respond to a stimulus | threshold |
| what is the phenomenon where the threshold must be reached called ? | all-or-none response |
| what is the time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction | lag phase |
| the time of contraction is the | contraction phase |
| the time the muscles are relaxed is the | relaxation phase |
| muscles remain contracted without relaxing | tetany |
| the increase of motor neurons being used | recruitment |
| what is atp needed for | energy for muscle contraction |
| where is ATP produced | mitochondria |
| what does ATP degenerate into | ADP |
| what high energy molecule do muscle cells store while at rest | creatine phosphate |
| without oxygen | anaerobic respiration |
| aerobic respiration | with oxygen |
| which is more efficient? anaerobic or aerobic | aerobic |
| does the body remain in higher respiration rate after exercise | yes |
| why does the body remain in higher respiration rate after exercise | to pay back the oxygen debt |
| what happens when atp is used quicker than it can be made | muscle fatigue |
| the length of the muscle does not change, amount of tension increases | isometric |
| length of the muscle changes while amount of tension produced by the muscle remains constant | isotonic |
| constant tension produced by muscles for long periods of time | muscle tone |
| contracts quickly and fatigues quickly | fast twitch muscle fibers |
| contracts slowly and is more resistent to fatigue | slow twitch fibers |
| what muscle fiber is better suited for aerobic metabolism | slow twitch muscle fibers |
| what muscle fiber is better suited for anaerobic metabolism | fast twitch muscle fibers |
| what is the most stationary end of the muscle | origin(head) |
| what end of the muscle undergoes the greatest movement | insertion |
| portion of the muscle between the head and insertion | belly |
| all muscles have only one head or origin | false |
| muscles that work together | synergists |
| muscles that work opposite of one another | antagonists |
| in a group of synergists, the muscle that plays the greatest role is called the | prime mover |
| 3 types of mucles | 1. skeletal 2. cardiac 3. smooth |
| each muscle fiber is a single cylindrical cell and contains several nuclei | true |
| thigh muscle | quadracep |
| rear thigh muscle | hamstring |
| muscle that allows the hand to be brought to the face | bicep |
| muscle allowing you to stand on tip toes | calf |
| muscle used to straighted the arm | tricep |
| the tricep has 2 heads | false |
| muscles used to smile | zygomaticus |
Created by:
bruinbooth
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