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Chapter 6 muscle
Note cards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Occipitofrontalis | Raises the eyebrows |
| Orbicularis oculi | closes the eyelids and causes crows feet |
| Orbicularis oris | puckers the lips |
| Buccinator | Flattens the cheeks |
| Zygomaticus | smiling muscle |
| Levator labii superioris | sneering |
| Depressor anguli oris | frowning |
| Mastication | chewing |
| 4 pairs of mastication muscles | 2 pair of pterygoids, temporalis, masseter |
| Intrinsic tongue muscles | change the shape of the tongue |
| Extrinsic tongue muscle | move the tongue |
| Sternocleidomastoid | Lateral neck muscle and prime mover. Rotates and abducts the head |
| Platysma | Sheet like muscle that covers the anterolateral neck, pull corners of mouth inferior |
| Erector spine | group of muscles on each side of the back, Responsible for keeping the back straight |
| Thoracic muscles | Muscles that move that move the thorax |
| External intercostals | elevate the ribs during inspiration |
| Internal intercostals | Contract during forced expiration |
| Diaphragm | accomplishes quite breathing (dome shaped muscle) |
| Trapezius | rotates scapula |
| Serratus anterior | Pulls scapula anteriorly |
| Pectoralis major | adducts and flexes the arm |
| Latissimus Major | Medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm |
| Deltoid | Attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle, it is the major abductor of the upper limb |
| Triceps brachii | Extends the forearm. Occupies the posterior compartment of the arm |
| Biceps brachii | Flexes the forearm, Occupies the anterior compartment of the arm |
| Brachialis | flexes the forearm |
| Brachioradialis | flexes and supinates the forearm |
| Rentinaculum | Strong band to fibrous connective tissue that covers the flexor and extensor tendons and holds them in place around the wrist |
| Flexor Carpi | flexes the wrist |
| Extensor carpi | extends the wrist |
| Flexor digitorum | flexes the fingers |
| Extensor digitorum | extends the fingers |
| 19 hand muscles called the intrinsic hand muscles | located within the hand |
| Gluteus Maximus | Buttocks |
| Gluteus Medius | hip muslce |
| Sartorius | Flexes the thighs |
| Hamstring | Posterior thigh muscle and extends the thigh |
| Contractility | The ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force |
| Excitability | the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus |
| Extensibility | the ability to be stretched |
| Elasticity | Ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have ben stretched |
| Fibers | Single muscle cells |
| Actin myofilaments | thin myofilaments |
| Myosin myofilaments | Thick myofilaments |
| Motor Neurons | nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers |
| Motor unit | A single motor neuron |
| Muscle twitch | is a contraction of an entire muscle in a response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers |
| Tetany | where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing |
| oxygen debt | the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish the depleted |
| Muscle Fatigue | results then ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells |
| Isometric | the length of muscle does not change but the amount of tension increases during the contraction process |
| Isotonic | The amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction |
| Muscle Tone | Refers to constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time( Keeps head up and back straight) |
| Fast twitch fibers | Contract quickly and fatigue quickly |
| Slow twitch Fibers | Contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue |
| The origin | Is the head and is the most stationary end of the muscle |
| The insertion | Is the end of the muscle between the origin and the insertion is the belly |
| Synergists | Muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements |
| Antagonists | Muscles that work in opposition to one another |
| Prime mover | Among a group of synergists, if one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement |
| z-line | Are the thin squiggly lines |
| M- line (myosin) | Goes from I band to I band |
| H-zone | The space in between the A band |
| Perimysium | Muscle is composed of numerous visible bundles called muscle fasciculi, which are surrounded by loose connective tissue |
| Endomysium | Each fiber is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called |
| Sarcomeres | is the basic structural and functional unit of the muscle |
| Neuromuscular junction | Axons enter the muscles and branch. Each branch that connects to the muscle forms |
| Presynaptic terminal | The enlarged nerve terminal |
| Synaptic cleft | the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell |
| Synaptic vesicles | Each presynaptic terminal contains synaptic vesicles |
| Muscle twitch | is a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus reaches a level called threshold at which point the muscle fiber will contract maximally |
| Lag Phase | The time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction |
| Contraction phase | the pointof contraction |
| Relaxation Phase | the time during which the muscle relaxes |
| Tetany | where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing |
| Recruitment | The increase in number of motor units being activated |
| Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | needed for energy for muscle contraction |
| ATP | is produced in the mitochondria |
| ATP | Is short lived and unstable |
| Anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
| Aerobic respiration | With oxygen |
Created by:
johnnycarroll
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