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ch. 6 muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Muscle Cells | Muscle Fibers |
| The ability to shorten with force | Contractility |
| The capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus | Excitability |
| The ability to be stretched | Extensibility |
| The ability to recoil to the original resting length after being stretched | Elasticity |
| Skeletal muscle is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called an | Epimysium |
| Connective tissue outside the epimysium | Fascia |
| Surrounds muscle fasciculi | Perimysium |
| Surrounds muscle fibers | Endomysium |
| Raises the eyebrows | Occipitofrontalis |
| Keeps back straight | Erector spinae |
| Adducts and flexes the arm muscle | Pectoralis major |
| Cytoplasm of each fiber is filled with | Myofibrils |
| Smiling muscles | Zygomaticus |
| Thin myofilaments | Actin |
| Thick myofilaments | Myosin |
| Highly ordered units of actin and myosin | Sarcomeres |
| Neurotransmitter | Acetylcholine |
| Muscle remains contracted without relaxing | Tetany |
| (equal distance) the length of the muscle does not change, but amount of tension increases during the contraction. | Isometric |
| (equal tension) the amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction, but length of muscle changes. | Isotonic |
| Most stationary end of the muscle | Origin |
| End of muscle undergoing the greatest movement | Insertion |
| Muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements | Synergists |
| Muscles that work in opposition to each other | Antagonists |
| Mastication | Chewing |
| Needed for energy for muscle contraction | ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) |
| Acetylcholine is broken down by | Acetylcholinesterase |
| Puckers lips | Orbicularis oris |
| Frowning | Depressor anguli oris |
| Actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments | Sliding filament mechanism |
| Enlarged nerve terminal | presynaptic terminal |
| Space between presynaptic terminal and muscle cell | Synaptic cleft |
| Each presynaptic terminal contains | Synaptic vesicles |
| Rotates scapula | Trapezius |
| Attaches to humerus, scapula, and clavicle | Deltoid |
| Contract quickly and fatigue quickly | Fast-twitch fibers |
| Contract slowly and more resistant to fatigue | Slow-twitch fibers |
| Gluteus maximus | Buttocks |
| Extends the leg | Quadriceps femoris |
| Flexes the thigh | Sartorius |
| Flexes leg and extends thigh | Hamstrings |
| Portion between origin and insertion | Belly |
| Plays major role in desired movement | Prime mover |
| Constant muscle tension produced by the body for long periods of time | Muscle tone |
| Without oxygen | Anaerobic respiration |
| With oxygen (more efficient) | Aerobic respiration |
| When ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells | Muscle fatigue |
| The amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose | Oxygen debt |
| When at rest, can’t stockpile ATP, but can store another high-energy molecule, called | Creatine phosphate |
| How many phosphates in ATP? | 3 |
| Flex the foot and toes | Achilles tendon |
| Form the calf muscle | Gastrocnemius and soleus |
| Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers. | Motor neurons |
| Axons enter the muscles and branch, each branch that connects to the muscle forms a | Synapse (neuromuscular junction) |
| The charge difference across the membrane is called the | Resting membrane potential |
| The brief reversal back of the charge is called | Action potential |
| A single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates are called a | Motor unit |
| A muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level called | Threshold |
| Threshold is at which point the muscle fiber will contract maximally and is called | All-or-none response |
| The time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction is the | Lag phase |
| The time of contraction is the | Contraction phase |
| The time during which the muscle relaxes is the | Relaxation phase |
| The increase in number of motor units being activated is called | Recruitment |
| Myosin myofilaments are anchored in the center of the sarcomere at a dark staining band called the | M line |
| On each side of the Z line is a light area called an | I band |
| The A band extends the length of | Myosin |
| Each Z line is an attachment site for | Actin |
| In the center of each sarcomere is another light area called the | H zone |
| Muscles help to produce heat essential for | Maintenance of normal body temperature |
| 20 muscles located within the foot called the | Intrinsic foot muscles |
| The lateral muscles of the leg called the | Peroneus muscles |
| Hip muscles | Gluteus medius |
| 19 hand muscles called the | Intrinsic hand muscles |
| Flexes forearm | Brachialis |
Created by:
kljusti1
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