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Muscle system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is contractibility? | The ability for the muscle to shorten with force(contract) |
| What is excitability? | The capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to stimulus(excite) |
| What is Extensibility? | The ability to be stretched (extend) |
| What is Elasticity? | The ability to recoil to their original resting length after they've been stretched |
| Where is epimysium? | Epimysium covers each skeletal muscle |
| Fascia is? | A connective tissue located outside the epimysium. |
| Numerous bundles of muscle are called what? | Fasciculi or Fascicle |
| Fasciculi are covered by what connective tissue? | Perimysium |
| Fasciculi are made of? | Single muscle cells called muscle fibers |
| Each muscle fiber is surrounded by? | Endomysium |
| Is Actin thin or thick? | Thin |
| Is Myosin thin or thick? | Thick |
| What makes a sarcomere? | Actin and myosin myofilaments |
| What is the basic structural and functional unit of muscle? | A sacromere |
| True or False: Sarcomeres extend from one Z line to another Z line | True |
| The arrangement of actin and myosin give what kind of appearance? | A banded appearance |
| True or False: The a band extends the length of the actin and has a light appearance | False: the A band extends the length of the myosin and has a dark appearance |
| The H zone consists of what? | The H zone consists of Myosin and has a light appearance |
| What is the resting membrane potential? | It's the charge difference of a cell membrane. The outside is positively charged and the inside is negatively charged |
| When a muscle cell is stimulated what is that called? | Action potential |
| What's a motor neuron? | They're nerve cells that carry action potential to skeletal muscle fibers |
| Neuromuscular joints or synapse are formed when what enters the muscle? | They are formed when axons enter the muscle and branch |
| A motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innovates are called what. | A motor unit |
| An enlarged nerve terminal forms a what? | It forms a neuromuscular junction that rests in the indentation of muscle cell membrane |
| An enlarged nerve terminal(presynaptic terminal) and muscle cell have a space between them, what rests in that space? | The synaptic cleft |
| Presynaptic terminals have synaptic vesicles that secrete what neurotransmitter? | They secrete acetylcholine |
| Acetylcholine diffuses across the synaptic cleft and causes an influx in sodium ions, which causes your muscle to contract, what enzyme stops your muscle from being contracted to long? | Acetylcholinesterase |
| How does a muscle contraction occur? | It occurs when actin and myosin myofilaments slide past each other causing the sarcomeres to shorten |
| The sliding of actin and myosin myofilaments is called the sliding filament mechanism during which what bands shorten and what bands stay the same? | H and I bands shorten but A bands don't change length |
| What is the all or none response? | It's when a muscle won't react to stimulus unless that stimulus reaches the muscles threshold |
| Tetany is? | When a muscle remains contracted without relaxing |
| ATP is needed for energy for muscle contraction, what does ATP stand for? | Adenosine Triphosphate |
| Where is ATP produced? | In the mitochondria |
| Because ATP is unstable and short lived what does it degenerate and turn into? | Adenosine Diphosphate |
| It is necessary that muscles always produce ATP but when it's at rest what does it produce? | Creatine Phosphate |
| True or False: Aerobic respiration happens with oxygen | False: Anaerobic respiration happens with oxygen |
| Why do muscles fatigue? | It happens when muscles are using more ATP than they can produce |
| What type of muscle contraction are there? | There are isometric and isotonic. Isometric contractions keeps the muscle the same length but the tension increases. Isotonic contractions keep the same tension but the muscle length changes |
| What are Fast twitch muscles? | They are muscles that contract fast and fatigue fast |
| What are slow twitch muscles? | They are muscles that contract slower and are more resistant to fatigue |
| Is the origin of a muscle stationary or the part that moves? | The origin is stationary, the insertion is the portion of the muscle that moves |
| What are muscles that work together to perform specific movements? | They are called Synergists |
| What are muscles that work against each other are called what? | They are called Antagonists |
| Occipitofrontalis | Raises the eyebrows |
| Orbicularis Oculi | Closes the eyelids and causes crows feet wrinkles |
| Orbicularis Oris | Puckers the lips |
| Buccinator | Flattens the cheeks |
| Zygomaticus | Smiling muscles |
| Levator Labii Superioris | Sneering muscles |
| Depressor Anguli Oris | Frowning muscles |
| What is Mastication? | Mastication is Chewing |
| Their are 4 pairs of chewing muscles what are they? | There's two pairs of pterygoids, temporalis, and a masseter |
| Sternocleidomastoid | lateral neck muscle and a prime mover, rotates and abducts the head |
| Platysma | Is a sheet like muscle that pulls the corners of the mouth down |
| Diaphragm | Achieves quiet breathing and aids in breathing |
| Trapezius | Rotates the scapula |
| Serratus anterior | Pulls scapula anteriorly |
| Pectoralis Major | Adducts and flexes the arm |
| Latissimus Dorsi | Medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm |
| Triceps Brachii | Extends the forearm, posterior |
| Biceps Brachii | Flexes the forearm, anterior |
| Brachialis | Flexes the forearm |
| Brachioradialis | Flexes and supinates the forearm |
| Flexor Carpi | Flexes the wrist |
| Extensor Carpi | Extends the wrist |
| Flexor Digitorum | Flexes the finger |
| Extensor Digitorum | Extends the finger |
| Gluteus Maximus | Butt |
| Gluteus Medius | Hip muscle |
| Quadriceps Femoris | Extends the leg, anterior thigh muscle |
| Hamstring | Flexes the leg and extends the thigh, posterior thigh muscle |
| Sartorius | Flexes the thigh |
| Gastrocnemius | Part of the calf muscle |
| Soleus | Other part of the calf muscle |
| What do the gastrocnemius and soleus form | They form the Achilles tendon |
Created by:
JarrettPyles
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