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Chapter 6 Muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chewing | Mastication |
| Move the tongue | Extrinsic Tongue Muscles |
| Change the shape of the tongue | Intrinsic Tongue Muscles |
| Occipitofrontalis | raises the eyebrows |
| Orbicularis oris | puckering the lips |
| Buccinator | flattens the cheek |
| Zygomaticus | smiling muscle |
| Thoracic muscles | muscles that move the thorax |
| Trapezius | rotates scapula |
| Serratus anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly |
| Pectoralis major | adducts and flexes the arm |
| Flexor carpi | flexes the wrist |
| Extensor carpi | extends the wrist |
| Flexor digitorum | flexes the fingers |
| Extensor digitorum | extends the fingers |
| Actin | thin myofilaments |
| Myosin | thick myofilaments |
| Sarcomeres are | actin and myosin formed units |
| Extensibility | the ability to be stretched |
| Excitability | skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus |
| Contractility | skeletal muscle to shorten with force |
| Elasticity | recoil back to resting length after being stretched |
| Fascia | outside of epimysium |
| Epimysium | connective tissue sheath surrounding skeletal muscle |
| Neuromuscular junction is also called | synapse |
| Motor neurons | nerve cells that carry action potentials to muscle fibers |
| Acetylocholinesterase | breaks down acetylcholine |
| Acetylochline | neurotransmitter |
| Action potential | brief reversal back of the charge |
| Resting membrane potential | charge difference across the membrane |
| I band consists of | actin |
| A band is | darker region |
| H zone | lighter region |
| Sarcomere extends from | one Z line to another Z line |
| Muscle twitch | contraction of entire muscle |
| Tetany | muscle remains contracted without relaxing |
| Recruitment | number of motor units being activated |
| Lag phase | skip in time between application of stimulus to a motor neuron and beginning of a contraction |
| Threshold | point when the muscle fiber will contract maximally |
| Contraction phase | time of contraction |
| ATP | needed for energy for muscle contraction |
| ATP is produced in the | mitochondria |
| Isometric | tension increase, length stays the same |
| Isotonic | tension stays the same, length changes |
| Fast-twitch fibers | contract quickly and fatigue quickly |
| Slow-twitch fibers | contract more slowly and more resistant to fatigue |
| Anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
| Aerobic respiration | with oxygen |
| Another high-energy molecule stored instead of ATP | creatine phosphate |
| Origin | most stationary end of the muscle |
| Insertion | end of the muscle undergoing greatest movement |
| Belly | portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion |
| Prime mover | one muscle that plays a major role in accomplishing desired movement |
| Antagonists | muscles that work in opposition to one another |
| Synergists | muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements |
| H zone is made of | myosin |
| Muscle fatigue | when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced |
| Oxygen debt | amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose |
| Quadratic femoris | extends the leg |
| gluteus maximus | buttocks |
| gluteus medius | hip muscle |
| Muscle contraction | occurs as actin and myosin slide past one another |
| When sarcomeres shorten so does | the muscle |
| When H and I bands shorten the | A bands don't change in length |
| All-or-none | When the muscle fiber won't respond to stimulus until it reaches threshold |
| When you get successive twitches from successive amounts of stimuli | then the muscle don't have time to fully relax |
| At the points of attachment the muscle is | connected to the bone by a tendon |
| Example of fast-twitch fibers is | the white meat of a chicken |
| Example of slow-twitch fibers is | the dark meat of a duck |
| How many phosphates is ATP made up of | 3 |
| ATP is short-lived and | unstable |
| ATP degenerates to | a more stable ADP plus phosphate |
| Muscles help to | produce heat essential for maintenance of normal body temperature |
| Sarcomeres are joined end to end to form | myofibrils |
| Sarcomere is the | basic structural and functional unit of the muscle |
Created by:
emilydillon
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