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Muscle Q's/Notes

QuestionAnswer
Four Major Functional Characteristics Contractility, Excitability, Extensibility, & Elasticity
the ability to be stretched. Extensibility
the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force. Contractility
the ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched. Elasticity
the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus. Excitability
a threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other. Myofibrils
Of each fiber the cytoplasm is filled with... Myofibrils
A muscle that is composed with numerous visible bundles called... Fasciculi or (fascicle)
The numerous visible bundles are surrounded by a loose connective tissue called... Perimysium
Is another connective tissue located outside the epimysium... Fascia
Each skeletal muscle is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called... Epimysium
Each fiber is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called... Endomysium
The fasciculi are composed of single muscle cells called... Fibers
2 major kinds of protein fibers Actin & Myosin
Thin myofilaments... Actin Myofilament
Thick myofilaments... Myosin Myofilament
Actin and myosin myofilaments for highly ordered units called... Sarcomeres
What is joined end to end to form myofibrils? Sarcomere
Is the basic structural and functional unit of the muscle... Sarcomere
Each sarcomere extends from one __ (disc) to another __ line (disc)... Z line
The arrangement of ___ and ___ give a banded appearance... Actin & Myosin
On each side of the Z line is a light area called... I bands
I bands consist of ___ Actin
The ____ band extends the length of the myosin A band
The ___ band is the darker central region in each ___ A band ; sarcomere
In the center of each sarcomere is another light area called... H band
The H band consists of only____ Myosin
Myosin myofilaments are anchored in the center of the sarcomere at a dark staining band called... The M line.
What are the two membrane potentials... Resting membrane potentials & Action potential
When a muscle cell is stimulated the membrane characteristics change briefly. The brief reversal back of the charge is called... Action potential
The outside of most cell membranes is positively charged compared to the inside of the cell membrane, which is negatively charged. The charge difference across the membrane is called... Resting potential
What kind of supply is in the muscles? Nerve supply
Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers are called... Motor neurons
A single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates are called... Motor units
Many motor units for a ___ muscle... Single muscle
Axons enter the ______ and ______. Muscles and branch
Each branch that connects to the muscle forms a... Neuromuscular junction or synapse
The neuromuscular junction or synapse is located near the _____ of the cell... Center
A neuromuscular junction is formed by an ___ ____ _____ resting in an indentation of the muscle cell membrane... Enlarged nerve terminal
The enlarged nerve terminal is the ____ ____... Presynaptic terminal
The space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell is the ____ ____ and the muscle fiber is the _____ _____... Synaptic cleft ; postsynaptic terminal
Each presynaptic terminal contains ___ ___... Synaptic vesicles
Synaptic vesicles secrete a neurotransmitter called... Acetylcholine
It diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to the postsynaptic terminal causing a change in the _____ cell... Postsynaptic
When ____ potential reaches the nerve terminal, it causes the synaptic vesicles to release acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft... Action potential
When synaptic vesicles release acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft it is caused by _____... Exocytosis
____ rapidly breakdowns and is an enzyme called... Acetylcholinesterase
The acetylcholinesterase enzymatic breakdown ensures that one action potential in the ____ yields only one action potential... Neuron
What kind of contraction is in the skeletal muscle? Muscle contraction
Muscle contractions occurs as ___ and ___ myofilaments slide past one another... Actin and myosin
When the actin and myosin myofilaments slide past each other it causes the ____ to shorten... Sarcomeres
When the sarcomeres shorten it causes the ____ to shorten... Muscle
During contraction the sliding of the actin myofilaments pass myosin filaments when this happens this is called the ____ of muscle contraction Sliding filament mechanism
The H and I bands shorten, but the ___ bands do not change in length. A band
A contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers is called... Muscle twitch
A muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level called... Threshold
At the point of threshold the muscle fiber will contract maximally, this phenomenon is called the... All-or-none response
Time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction is the... Lag phase
Time of contraction is the... Contraction phase
Time during which the muscle relaxes... Relaxation phase
If successive stimuli are given you get successive ___ that occur so frequently the muscle doesn't have time to fully relax... Twitches
Where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing is called... Tetany
The increase in number of motor units being activated is called... Recruitment
What kind of requirement does the skeletal muscle need? Energy requirements
What is ATP? Adenosine triphosphate
What is needed for energy for muscle contraction? ATP
ATP is produced in the ___ Mitochondria
ATP is ____ and unstable. It degenerates to the more stable ADP plus phosphate. Short-lived
What is ADP? Adenosine diphosphate
It is necessary for _____ cells to constantly produce ATP... Muscle cells
When muscle cells are at rest they can't stockpile ____... ATP
When muscle cells are unable to stockpile ATP they can store another high-energy molecule called... Creatine phosphate
With oxygen (more efficient) is called... Aerobic respiration
Without oxygen is called... Anaerobic respiration
When doing intense exercise, the ______ rate remains remains elevated for a period of time. Respiration rate
Created by: em18houck
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