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ch 6- muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| contractility | ability to shorten with force |
| excitability | the capacity to respond to a stimulus |
| extensibility | the ability to be stretched |
| elasticity | ability to recoil to original resting length |
| epimysium | connective tissue sheath that surrounds each muscle |
| fascia | another connective tissue located outside the epimysium, surrounds and separates muscle |
| fascicle | muscle is composed of bundles called |
| fascicle | muscle is composed of bundles called |
| fibers | muscle cells |
| perimysium | fascicle is surrounded by a loose connective tissue called |
| myofibrils | extends from one end of the fiber to the other |
| endomysium | surrounds fiber |
| Slow-twitch fibers | muscle for long distance and chicken legs |
| Fast-twitch fibers | muscle for sprinters and chicken breast |
| isotonic | type of muscle contraction when you throw a ball |
| isometric | Type of muscle contraction when you're holding a ball |
| muscle fatigue | when ATP is used up quicker than it is being produced |
| aerobic respiration | with oxygen |
| anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
| prime mover | one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement |
| antagonists | muscles work in opposition to one another |
| synergists | muscles work together accomplish specific movement |
| origin | stationary end of the muscle |
| insertion | end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
| Z Line | attachment site for actin |
| I band | consists of actin; light area |
| A band | extends the length of myosin; dark area |
| H Zone | consists of only myosin; center of each sarcomere |
| M line | myosin myofilaments anchored in the center of the sarcomere; dark band |
| muscle tone | refers to constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time. Keeps head up and back straight. |
| tetany | where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing |
| relaxation phase | the time during which the muscle relaxes |
| contraction phase | the time of contraction is the |
| motor neurons | nerve cells |
| neuromuscular function | is synonymous for synapse |
| mitochondria | ATP is produced here |
| belly | the portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion is called this |
| synaptic cleft | space between presynaptic terminal and muscle cell |
| postsynaptic terminal | muscle fiber |
| synaptic vesicles | secrete neuro transmitters |
| acetycholine | diffuses across the synaptic cleft; binds to the postsynaptic terminal |
| acetylcholinesterase | enzymatic breakdown |
| creatine phosphate | another high-energy molecule |
| occipitofrontalis | raises the eyebrows |
| orbicularis oculi | closes the eyelids and wrinkles in the skin at the lateral corners of the eye (crow's feet) |
| orbicularis oris | puckers the lips |
| buccinator | flattens the cheeks |
| zygomaticus | smiling muscle |
| levator labii superioris | sneering |
| mastication | chewing |
| depressor anguli oris | frowning |
| instrinsic tongue muscles | change shape of tongue |
| extrinsic tongue muscles | move the tongue |
| sternocleidomastoid | lateral neck muscles and prime mover |
| sliding filament mechanism | actin and myosin myofilaments slide past one another causing sarcomeres to shorten |
| recruitment | increase in number of motor units being activated |
| orbicularis oris and buccinator | kissing muscles |
| erector spine | keep back straight and body erect |
| internal intercostals | contract during forced expiration |
| trapezius | rotates scapula |
| pectoralis major | adducts and flexes the arm |
| latissimus dorsi | rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm (swimmer muscles) |
| brachialis | flexes forearm |
| brachioradialis | flexes and supinates the forearm |
| flexor carpi | flexes the wrist |
| extensor carpi | extends the wrist |
| flexor digitorum | flexes the fingers |
| extensor digitorum | extends the fingers |
| retinaculum | strong band of fibrous connective tissue that covers the flexor and extensor tendons and holds them in place around the wrist |
| gluteus maximus | buttocks |
| quadriceps femoris | extends the leg: anterior thigh muscles |
| hamstring muscle | posterior to the thigh muscle; flexes the leg and extends the thigh |
| intrinsic foot | 20 muscles located within the foot, called the _________muscles flex extend, abduct, and adduct the toes. |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate |
| diaphragm | aids in breathing |
Created by:
emmabutts
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