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muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| contractility | skeletal muscle to shorten with force |
| excitability | skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus |
| Extensibility | the ability to be stretched |
| Elasticity | after being stretched they are able to recoil back to normal |
| epimysium | each skeletal muscle is surrounded by connective tissue |
| fascia | another connective tissue located outside the epimysium |
| perimysium | loose connective tissue |
| fibers | fasciculi are composed of single muscle cells |
| muscle fiber | single cylindrical cell containing several nuclei |
| endomysium | each fiber is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath |
| myofibrils | threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other |
| actin myofilaments | resemble thin mynute strands of pearls twisted together |
| myosin myofilaments | resemble bundles of minute golf clubs |
| sarcomeres | joined end to end to form the myofibril |
| Z Line | attachment site for actin |
| I band | each side of the Z line is a light area |
| A Band | extends the length of the myosin |
| H zone | center of the sarcomere light area |
| M Line | center of the sarcomere at a dark staining band |
| resting membrane potential | the charge difference across the membrane |
| actin potential | the brief reversal back of charge |
| motor neurons | nerve cells that carry action potential to skeletal muscle fibers |
| neuromusclular junction | each branch that connects to the muscles form |
| synapse | near the center of the cell |
| motor unit | a single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates |
| presynaptic terminal | enlarged nerve terminal |
| synaptic cleft | the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell |
| acetylcholine | presynaptic terminal contains synaptic vesicles that secrete a neurotransmitter |
| acetylcholinesterase | acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft between the neuron and muscle cell is rapidly broken down by an enzymes |
| muscle contraction | when the sarcomeres shorten it causes the muscles to shorten |
| sliding filament mechanism | sliding of the actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contractions |
| muscle twitch | a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fiber. |
| threshold | point the muscle fiber will contract maximally |
| all-or-none response | phenomenon |
| lag phase | time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction |
| contraction phase | the time of the contraction |
| relaxation phase | time during which the muscle relaxes |
| tetany | where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing |
| recruitment | increases in number of motor units being activated |
| adenosine triphosphate | is needed for energy for muscle contraction |
| creatine phosphate | when at rest they cant stockpile ATP but they can store another high-energy molecule |
| anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
| aerobic respiration | with oxygen |
| oxygen debt | is the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reaction to convert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish the depleted of creatine phosphate stores in muscle cells |
| muscle fatigue | results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells |
| isometric | the length of the muscle does not change but the amount of tension increases during the contraction process |
| isotonic | the amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction but the length of the muscle changes |
| muscle tone | keeps head up and back straight |
| Fast-twitch fibers | contract quickly and fatigue quickly |
| Slow-twitch fibers | contact more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue |
| origin | is the most stationary end of the muscle |
| insertion | the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
| belly | the portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion |
| synergists | muscles that work together to accomplish specific movement |
| antagonists | muscles that work in opposition to one another |
| prime mover | if one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement |
| sternocleidomastoid | lateral neck muscle and prime movers |
| erector spinae | groups of muscles on each side of the back |
| thoracic muscle | muscle that move the thorax |
| diaphragm | accomplishes quiet breathing |
| linea alba | tendinous area abdominal wall |
| rectus abdominis | on each side of the linea alba |
| tendinous inscriptions | cross the rectus abdominis at three ore more locations |
| trapezius | rotates scapula |
| serratus anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly |
| pectoralis major | adducts and flexes the arm |
| latissimus dorsi | medially rotates adducts and powerfully extends the arm |
| deltoid | attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle |
| retinaculum | holds and covers the flexor and extensor tendons around the wrist so they dont bowstring |
| intrinsic hand muscles | 19 hand muscles |
| interossi | located between the metacarpals |
| Gluteus maximus | buttocks |
| quadriceps femoris | extends the leg |
| sartorius | flexes the thigh |
| Hamstring muscles | posterior thigh muscles |
| Gastrocnemius and soleus | form the calf muscles |
| peroneus | the lateral muscles of the leg |
| intrinsic foot | 20 muscles located within the foot |
Created by:
cetowns1
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