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Muscle Stack
Anatomy Study Materials
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Contractility | skeletal muscle shorten with force |
| Excitability | skeletal muscle to respond to stimulus |
| Extensibility | ability to be stretched |
| Elasticity | ability to recoil after being stretched |
| Epimysium | surrounds muscle with connective tissue sheath |
| Fascia | surrounds and separates muscles |
| Perimysium | loose connective tissue surrounding fascicles |
| Fibers | single muscle cell forms fasciculi |
| Endomysium | connective tissue sheath surrounds each fiber |
| Myofibrils | extends end to end of a fiber |
| Actin Myofilaments | thin myofilaments (resembles strands of twisted pearls) |
| Myosin Myofilaments | thick myofilaments (resemble bundles) |
| Sarcomeres | highly ordered units formed by actin and myosin |
| Resting Membrane Potential | difference in charge across a membrane (positive + negative charges) |
| Action Potential | brief reversal back of the charge |
| What causes Action Potential? | muscle cell stimulated , characteristics change briefly |
| Motor Neurons | nerve cells that carry action potential |
| Neuromuscular Junction | formed when each branch connects to a muscle |
| Synapse | center of the (nerve) cell |
| Motor Unit | motor neuron + all the skeletal muscle fibers that it innervates |
| Presynaptic Terminal | enlarged nerve terminal |
| Synaptic Cleft | space between presynaptic terminal & muscle cell |
| Postsynaptic Terminal | muscle fiber |
| Synaptic Vesicles | secretes a neurotransmitter |
| Acetylcholine | neurotransmitter |
| Acetylcholinesterase (remember erase at the end) | enzyme that rapidly breaks down acetylcholine (between neuron & muscle cell) |
| Sliding Filament Mechanism | when actin filaments pass myosin myofilaments during contraction |
| Muscle Twitch | contraction as a response to action potential in one or more muscle fiber |
| Threshold | point at which muscle fiber contracts maximally |
| all-or-none response | phenomenon caused by threshold |
| Lag Phase | time between stimulus & motor neuron |
| Contraction Phase | time of a contraction |
| Relaxation Phase | time that takes muscles to relax |
| Tetany | where muscles remain contracted without relaxing |
| Recruitment | increase in # of motor units being activated |
| Creatine Phosphate | High energy molecule |
| Anaerobic Respiration | without oxygen |
| Aerobic Respiration | with oxygen |
| Oxygen Debt | amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid |
| Muscle Fatigue | results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in muscle cells |
| Isometric | equal distance |
| Isotonic | equal tension |
| Muscle Tone | constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time |
| Fast-twitch Fibers | contract quickly and fatigues quickly |
| Slow-Twitch Fiber | contract more slowly and more resistant to fatigue |
| Origin | most stationary end of the muscle |
| Insertion | the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
| Belly | portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion |
| Synergists | muscles that work together to accomplish specific movement |
| antagonists | muscles that work in opposition to one another |
| Prime Mover | muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement |
| What word describes "shortens with force" | contractility |
| What word describes "to respond to stimulus" | excitability |
| What's located outside the epimysium? | Fascia |
| What's surrounded by loose connective loose tissue? | perimysium |
| Mastication | chewing |
| Occipital frontalis | raises the eyebrows |
| Orbicularis Oris | puckers the lips |
| Buccinator | flattens the cheeks |
| Zygomaticus | smiling muscle |
| Levator Labii Superioris | sneering |
| Depressor Anguli Oris | frowning |
| Neck Muscle | sternocleidomastoid |
| Trunk Muscles | Erector Spinae |
| Thoracic Muscles | muscles that move the thorax |
| Linea Alba | tendinous area of the abdominal wall |
| What consists of white connective tissue rather than muscle? | Linea Alba |
| Rectus Abdominis Muscle | each side of the Linea Alba |
| Tendinous Inscriptions | cross the rectus abdominis at 3 or more locations |
| Trapezius | rotates scapula |
| Serratus Anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly |
| Pectoralis Major | adducts and flexes the arm |
| Latissimus Dorsi | medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm |
| What's know as "swimmer muscles" | Latissimus Dorsi |
| Deltoid | attaches to the humorous to the scapula and clavicle |
| Triceps Brachii | extends the forearm |
| Posterior compartment of the arm | Triceps Brachii |
| Biceps Brachii | flexes the forearm |
| anterior compartment of the arm | biceps brachii |
| Brachialis | flexes forearm |
| Brachioradialis | flexes and supinates the forearm |
| Retinaculum | bracelet |
| Retinaculum Definition | strong band of fibrous connective tissue that covers the flexor and extensor tendons and holds them in place around the wrist so that they do not "bowstring" |
| Flexor Carpi | flexes the wrist |
| Extensor Carpi | extends the wrist |
| Flexor Digitorum | extends the fingers |
| Intrinsic Hand Muscles | 19 hand muscles |
| Intrinsic Hand Muscles Location | within the hand |
| Interossi | responsible for abduction and adduction of the fingers |
| Gluteus Maximus | buttocks |
| Gluteus Medius | hip muscles |
| What is known as a common injection site? | gluteus medius |
| Quadriceps | extends the leg |
| Anterior thigh muscles | quadriceps |
| Sartorius | flexes the thigh |
| "Tailors Muscle" | Sartorius |
| Hamstring Muscles | flexes the leg and extends the thigh |
| posterior thigh | hamstring muscles |
| What forms the calf muscle | Gastrocnemius |
Created by:
zanelewis
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