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muscle system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the ability to shorten with force? | contractility |
| What is excitability? | the capacity of a skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus |
| What is the ability to be stretched? | extensibility |
| What is elasticity? | able to recoil their original length after they stretch |
| Skeletal muscle surrounded by a connective tissue sheath | epimysium |
| What is fascia? | connective tissue located outside the epimysium |
| Fascicle is surrounded by loose connective tissue called | perimysium |
| Each muscle fiber contains | several nuclei |
| Define endomysium | each fiber is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath |
| What is Myofibrils? | extends from one end of fiber to the other |
| Thin myofilaments | actin myofilaments |
| Thick myofilaments | myosin myofilaments |
| Actin and myosin myofilaments form highly ordered units called | sarcomeres |
| What is the sarcomeres function? | the basic structural and functional unit of the muscle |
| What is each z line attached to ? | a site for actin |
| What does the arrangement of actin and myosin do? | they give a banded experience |
| What does the A band do ? | extends the length of myosin |
| Is the A band darker or lighter ? | It is the darker region in each sarcomere |
| What is the light area in the sarcomere called | the H zone |
| What does the H zone consist of ? | only myosin |
| The center of the sarcomere at a dark staining brand is called | the M line |
| The outside of most cell membranes are | positively charged |
| What is the inside of a cell membrane ? | its negatively charged |
| Define resting membrane potential | the charge difference across the membrane |
| When do the membrane characteristics change briefly? | when a cell is stimulated |
| The brief rehearsal back of the charge is called | action potential |
| What are motor neurons? | nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers |
| What do axons do? | they enter the muscles and branch |
| Each branch that connects to the muscle forms a | neuromuscular junction or synapse |
| Many motor units form | a single muscle |
| What is a neuromuscular junction ? | each branch that connects to the muscle |
| What is a motor unit? | a single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates |
| Many motor units form | a single muscle |
| How is a neuromuscular junction formed ? | by an enlarged nerve terminal resting in an indentation of the muscle cell membrane |
| The enlarged nerve terminal is called the | presynaptic terminal |
| What is the synaptic cleft? | the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell |
| The muscle fiber is | postsynaptic terminal |
| Each presynaptic terminal contains | synaptic vesicles |
| They secrete a neurotransmitter called | acetylcholine |
| When does muscle contraction occur? | as actin and myosin myofilaments slide past one another causing the sarcomeres to shorten |
| When the sarcomeres shorten it causes | the muscle to shorten |
| Define sliding filament mechanism | the sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction |
| Define muscle twitch | contraction of an entire muscle as a response to a stimulus that causes action |
| A muscle fiber will not respond to to stimulus until that stimulus reached a level called | threshold |
| The phenomenon is called | all-or-none response |
| The time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction is called | lag phase |
| Define contraction phase | the time of contraction |
| When a muscle relaxes its called | relaxation phase |
| Define tetany | the muscles remains contracted without relaxing |
| Define recruitment | the increase in number of motor units being activated |
| What is ATP? | adenosine triphosphate |
| What does ATP do? | its needed for energy for muscle contraction |
| Where is ATP produced? | in the mitochondria |
| Is it necessary for muscle cells to constantly produce ATP | yes |
| When at rest they cant stockpile ATP but they can store another high energy molecule that's called | creatine phosphate |
| Define anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
| Define aerobic | with oxygen |
| What is the oxygen debt? | the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish the depleted stores of creatine phosphate stores in muscle cells |
| Define muscle fatigue | happens when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells |
| What does isometric mean? | the length of the muscle does not change , but the amount of tension increases during the contraction process |
| What does isotonic mean? | the amount of tension produced by the muscle is a constant during contraction, but the length stays the same |
| Define muscle tone | it refers to constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time |
| What does muscle tone do ? | keeps head up and back straight |
| Define fast-twitch fibers | contract and fatigue quickly |
| Define slow-twitch fibers | contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue |
| What are the points of attachment of each muscle? | the origin and insertion |
| What is the origin ? | (head) the most stationary end of a muscle |
| Define insertion | the end of a muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
| The portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion is the | belly |
| What is synergists ? | muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements |
| Define antagonists | muscles that work in opposition to one another |
| What is prime mover? | among a group of synergists, if one muscle plays a major role in accomplishing the desired movement |
| How are muscles named? | by their location, size, orientation of fibers, shape, origin, insertion, and function |
| What happens during periods of inactivity? | as excess to the ATP is produced in the muscle cell, the energy contained in the ATP is used to synthesize creatine phosphate |
| What do some muscles have? | multiple origins or head |
Created by:
jaden.mcfeeley
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