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Muscular System

QuestionAnswer
The ability to shorten with force Contractility
Gluteus Maximus Buttocks
Highly ordered units formed by actin and myosin myofilaments Sarcomeres
The ability for the muscles to extend Extensibility
Ability to recoil to the original resting length after being stretched Elasticity
The capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus Excitability
Skeletal muscle surrounded by a connective tissue sheath Epimysium
Connective tissue located outside the epimysium Fascia
Muscle Cells Muscle Fibers
Muscle composed of cylindrical, multiple nucleus, striations Skeletal muscle
Muscle that is spindle shaped, nonstriated Smooth muscle
Specialized muscle of the heart Cardiac muscle
Oval nuclei beneath the plasma membrane Sarcolemma
Thin myofilaments Actin myofilaments
Thick myofilaments Myosin myofilaments
Threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other Myofibrils
When a muscle cell is stimulated the membrane characteristics change briefly Action potential
Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers Motor Neurons
Each branch that connects to the center of a muscle forms a... Neuromuscular junction
A single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates Motor Unit
The enlarged nerve terminal presynaptic terminal
The space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell synaptic cleft
Each presynaptic terminal contains synaptic vesicles
Occurs as actin and myosin myofilaments slide past one another causes the sarcomeres to shorten Muscle Contraction
The sliding actin myofilaments Sliding filament mechanism
Contraction of an entire muscle in response to stimulus Muscle twitch
A muscle fiber that will not respond to stimulus until it reaches a next level Threshold
The muscle fiber will contract maximally phenomenon all- or- none response
Time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron Lag phase
The time of Contraction Contraction Phase
The time when the muscle relaxes Relaxation phase
Where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing Tetany
The increase in number of of motor units being activated Recruitment
ATP Adenosine triphosphate
Needed for energy for muscle contraction ATP
Produced in mitochondria ATP
ADP Adenosine diphosphate
High energy molecule stored by ATP Creatine phosphate
Anaerobic respiration Without oxygen
Aerobic respiration With oxygen (more efficient)
Amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid Oxygen debt
When ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced Muscle Fatigue
The length of the muscle does not change but the amount of tension increases Isometric
The amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction Isotonic
Refers to constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long period of time Muscle Tone
Contract Quickly and fatigue quickly Fast-twitch fibers
Contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue Slow-twitch fibers
The most stationary end of the muscle The origin (head)
The end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement The insertion
The portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion The belly
Muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements are called Synergists
Muscles that work in opposition to one another are called Antagonists
One muscles plays a role in accomplishing the desired movement Prime mover
A muscle composed of numerous visible bundles called muscle fasciculi Perimysium
The basic structural and functional unit of the muscle sarcomere
Muscles tend to help produce... Heat essential for maintenance of normal body temperature
What happens when sarcomeres shorten It causes the muscle to shorten
Created by: Mallinoel
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