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muscular system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the ability to shorten with force | contractility |
| the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus | excitability |
| the ability to be stretched | extensibility |
| elasticity | ability to recoil to its original length |
| connective tissue sheath that surrounds each muscle | epimysium |
| connective tissue located outside the epimysium that surrounds and separates muscles | fascia |
| muscle composed of fasciculi, surrounded by loose connective tissue | perimysium |
| fasciculi are composed of single muscle cells called ________ | fibers |
| connective tissue sheath that surrounds each fiber | endomysium |
| a threadlike structure that extends from one end to the fiber of another | myofibrils |
| thin myofilaments | actin myofilaments |
| thick myofilaments | myosin myofilaments |
| the basic structural and functional unit of the muscle | sarcomere |
| the charge difference across the membrane | resting membrane potential |
| the brief reversal back of the charge | action potential |
| nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | motor neurons |
| each branch that connects to the muscle forms a ___________ | neuromuscular junction |
| the site of transmission of electric nerve impulses between two nerve cells | synapse |
| a single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates | motor unit |
| enlarged nerve terminal | presynaptic terminal |
| the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell | synaptic cleft |
| muscle fiber | postsynaptic terminal |
| small, electron-lucent vesicles that are clustered at presynaptic terminals | synaptic vesicles |
| the chief neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system | acetylcholine |
| the enzymatic breakdown that ensures that one action potential in the skeletal muscle, and one only contraction of the muscle cell | acetylcholinesterase |
| mechanism of muscle contraction based on muscle proteins that slide past each other to generate movement | sliding filament mechanism |
| small muscle contractions in the body | muscle twitch |
| The membrane voltage that must be reached in an excitable cell | threshold |
| strength of a response of a nerve cell or muscle fiber is not dependent upon the strength of the stimulus | all-or-none response |
| the period of time between the introduction of a microorganism into a culture medium and the time it begins to increase exponentially | lag phase |
| a shortening or tensing of a part or organ | contraction phase |
| When the muscle relaxes the tension decreases | relaxation phase |
| a condition of physiological calcium imbalance that is marked by intermittent tonic spasm of the voluntary muscles | tetany |
| the gradual increase to a maximum in a reflex when a stimulus of unaltered intensity is prolonged | recruitment |
| an organic compound of creatine and phosphoric acid | creatine phosphate |
| respiration using electron acceptors other than molecular oxygen | anaerobic respiration |
| the process of producing cellular energy involving oxygen | aerobic respiration |
| a cumulative deficit of oxygen available for oxidative metabolism that develops during periods of intense bodily activity and must be made good | oxygen debt |
| a decrease in maximal force or power production in response to contractile activity | muscle fatigue |
| A muscular contraction in which the length of the muscle does not change. | isometric |
| the amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction | isotonic |
| refers to constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time | muscle tone |
| contract quickly fatigue quickly | fast twitch fibers |
| contract more slowly and more resistant to fatigue | slow twitch fibers |
| most stationary end of muscle | origin |
| end of the muscle undergoing greatest movement | insertion |
| portion of muscle between origin and insertion | belly |
| muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements | synergists |
| muscles that work in opposition | antagonists |
| one muscle that plays a major role in accomplishing the desired movement | prime mover |
| chewing | mastication |
| muscles that move the thorax | thoracic muscles |
| tendinous area of the abdominal wall | linea alba |
| each side of the linea alba | rectus abdominis |
| cross the rectus abdominis at three or more locations | tendinous inscriptions |
| rotates scapula | trapezius |
| pulls scapula anteriorly | serratus anterior |
| adducts and flexes the arm | pectoralis major |
| medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm | latissimus dorsi |
| attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle, major abductor of the upper limb | deltoid |
| extends forearm | triceps brachii |
| flexes the forearm | biceps brachii |
| flexes forearm | brachialis |
| flexes and supinates the forearm | brachioradialis |
| flexes the wrist | flexor carpi |
| extends the wrist | extensor carpi |
| flexes the fingers | flexor digitorum |
| extends the fingers | extensor digitorum |
| buttocks | gluteus maximus |
Created by:
linzc_12
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