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Muscle System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The ability to shorten with force | Contractility |
| The ability to be stretched | Extensibility |
| The ability to recoil back to a resting position | Elasticity |
| The capacity to respond to a stimulus. | Excitability |
| The connective tissue that surrounds the muscle | Epimysium |
| Connective tissue outside the Epimysium (Surrounds and separates muscles) | Fascia |
| Muscle cells | Muscle Fibers |
| Connective tissue surrounding each muscle fiber | Endomysium |
| A threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other | Myofibrils |
| Thin, pearl like strands of myofilaments | Actin myofilaments |
| thick and resemble golf club myofilaments | Myosin myofilaments |
| Highly ordered units actin myosin myofilaments form | Sarcomeres |
| The brief reversal back of the charge. | actin potential |
| Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | Motor neurons |
| neuromuscular junction | synapse |
| A single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates | motor unit |
| Enlarged nerve terminal | presynaptic terminal |
| Space between the presynaptic terminal and muscle cell | synaptic cleft |
| Each presynaptic terminal contains what? | synaptic vesicles |
| a secrete neurotransmitters in synaptic vesicles | acetylcholine |
| Breaks down acetylcholine | acetylcholinesterase |
| The sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin ones during contraction | sliding filament mechanism |
| A contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus in one or more muscles | Muscle twitch |
| Muscle fiber won't respond to stimulus until it reaches what level | Threshold |
| The point in which a muscle will contract maximally. | all or none response |
| The beginning of a contraction | lag phase |
| The time of contraction | Contraction phase |
| When a muscle is relaxed | relaxation phase |
| Where muscle remains contracted without relaxing | Tetany |
| Increase in number of motor units being activated | Recruitment |
| Needed for energy for muscle contraction | ATP (adenosine triphosphate) |
| Where is ATP produced? | Mitochondria |
| ATP is ____ lived and unstable | Short |
| Anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
| Aerobic respiration | with oxygen |
| isometric | equal distance |
| isotonic | equal tension |
| constant tension produced by muscle of the body for long period of time | Muscle tone |
| contract quickly and fatigue quickly | Fast-twitch fibers |
| contract slowly and are more resistant to fatigue | slow-twitch fibers |
| What are the points of attachment of each muscle? | Its origin and insertion |
| The most stationary end of the muscle | The origin (head) |
| The end of the muscle | insertion |
| portion of the muscle between the origin and insertion | belly |
| Muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements | Synergists |
| Muscles that work in opposition to one another | antagonists |
| the muscle playing a major role in a specific movement | prime mover |
| Most muscle are named according to their what? | location, size, orientation of fibers, shape, origin, insertion, and function |
| Raises eyebrows | occipitofrontalis |
| Closes eyelids | orbicularsis oculi |
| puckers lips | orbicularis oris |
| flattens cheeks | buccinator |
| kissing muscles | orbicularis oris and buccinator |
| smiling muscle | zygomaticus |
| sneering muscle | levator labii superioris |
| chewing | mastication |
| 4 pairs of mastication muscles | 2 pairs of pterygoids, temporalis, and masseter |
| change the shape of the tongue | Intrinsic tongue muscles |
| move the tongue | Extrinsic tongue muscles |
| lateral neck muscle and prime mover | sternocleidomastoid |
| group of muscles on each side of the back | Erector spine |
| Elevate the ribs during inspiration | external intercostals |
| contract during forced expiration | internal intercostals |
| Accomplishes quiet breathing | Diaphragm |
| rotates scapula | trapezius |
| pulls scapula anteriorly | Serratus anterior |
| Arm is attached to the thorax by the ? | pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles |
| adducts and flexes the arm | Pectoralis major |
| medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends arm | Latissimus dorsi |
| attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle | Deltoid |
| Extends forearm | Triceps brachii |
| flexes forearm | biceps brachii |
| flexes forearm | brachialis |
| FLEXES AND SUPINATES THE FOREARM | brachioradialis |
| strong band of fibrous connective tissue that covers the flexor | Retinaculum (Bracelet) |
| flexes the wrist | flexor carpi |
| extends the wrist | extensor carpi |
| flexes the fingers | flexor digitorum |
| extends the fingers | extensor digitorum |
| gluteus maximus | buttocks |
| extends the leg | quadriceps |
| flexes the thigh | Sartorius |
| posterior thigh muscles; flexes the leg and extends to the thigh | Hamstring muscles |
| Form the calf muscle | Gastrocnemius and soleus |
Created by:
knblank5
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