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Muscular System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the ability of muscle to shorten with force | contractibility |
| the ability of a muscle to react to a stimulus | excitability |
| the ability of a muscle to stretch | extensibility |
| ability of a muscle to recoil to original length after stretching | elasticity |
| connective tissue sheath directly on the muscle | epimysium |
| connective tissue outside of epimysium that separates muscle | fascia |
| muscle bundles | fasciculi |
| bundles surrounded by this loose connective tissue | perimysium |
| muscle cells | fibers |
| connective tissue sheath around muscle fibers | endomysium |
| a threadlike structure that extends along the fiber contained in the cytoplasm | myofibrils |
| thin myofilaments | actin myofilaments |
| thick myofilaments | myosin myofilaments |
| basic structural and functional unit of muscle | sarcomeres |
| myosin bands | A, H, M |
| actin bands | Z, I |
| charge difference in the membrane | membrane potential |
| when muscle is stimulated and changes briefly | action potential |
| nerve cells that carry stimulus to muscle | motor neurons |
| axon branch that touches muscle | neuromuscular junction, synapse |
| motor neuron and the muscle it stimulates | motor unit |
| enlarged nerve terminal | presynaptic terminal |
| space between presynaptic terminal and the muscle | synaptic cleft |
| muscle fiber terminal | postsynaptic terminal |
| contained in presynaptic terminal and secrete neurotransmitters | synaptic vesicles |
| neurotransmitter that contracts muscle | acetylcholine |
| enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine | acetylcholinesterase |
| actin sliding on myosin myofilaments | sliding mechanism |
| contraction of a muscle in response to a stimulus | muscle twitch |
| stimulus level powerful enough to contract a muscle | threshold (all or none response) |
| time between stimulus and action | lag phase |
| time of contraction | contraction phase |
| muscle stays contracted | tetany |
| increase in motor units | recruitment |
| high energy molecule | creatine phosphate |
| without oxygen | anaerobic respiration |
| with oxygen | aerobic respiration |
| amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions | oxygen debt |
| ATP is used more in contraction than it can be produced | muscle fatigue |
| length increase but tension does not | isotonic |
| tension increase but length does not | isometric |
| constant tension on a muscle | muscle tone |
| contract and fatigue quickly | fast-twitch fibers |
| contract and fatigue slowly | slow-twitch fibers |
| stationary end of the muscle | origin |
| end of the muscles moving the most | insertion |
| between origin and insertion | belly |
| muscles together to form one movement | synergists |
| muscles working in opposition of each other | antagonists |
| one major muscle in the role of movement | prime mover |
| raises eyebrows | occipitofrontalis |
| closes eyelids | orbicularis oculi |
| puckers lips | orbicularis oris |
| flattens cheeks | Buccinator |
| smiling muscle | zyogomaticus |
| frown | depressor anguli oris |
| chewing | mastication |
| move tongue, change shape | extrinsic, intrinsic |
| lateral neck muscle | sternocleidomastoid |
| group of muscles on the back | erector spinae |
| quiet breathing | diaphragam |
| tendinous area of abdominal wall | linea alba |
| each side of the linea alba | rectus abdominis |
| makes muscle looks segmented | tendinous inscriptions |
| rotates scapula | trapezius |
| pulls scapula anteriorly | serratus anterior |
| flexes the arm | pectoralis major |
| medially rotates and other movements of the arm | latissimus dorsi |
| attaches humerus to the scapula and clavicle | deltoid |
| extends forearm posterior | triceps brachii |
| flexes forearm anterior | biceps brachii |
| flexes forearm and supinates | brachialis/ brachioradialis |
| holds th wrist for it doesn't bowstring | retinaculum |
| flexes the wrist | flexor carpi |
| extends writs | extensor carpi |
| flexes fingers | flexor digitorum |
| extends fingers | extensor digitoum |
| buttocks | gluteus maximus |
| extends the leg | quadriceps femoris |
| flexes thigh | sartorius |
| posterior thigh muscle | hamstring |
| calf muscle | gastrocnemius and soleus |
| flex foot and toes | Achilles tendon |
Created by:
khjarre13
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