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PATHO Cancer

TermDefinition
oncology the study of cancer and their treatment
etiology the original cause of cellular alteration or disease
homeostasis a condition of equilibrium when various physiologic factors are within normal limits
allostasis body's way of adapting to acute stress to maintain homeostasis
cellular adaptation protective mechanism to prevent cellular and tissue harm because of stressors
pathognomonic changes unique histological findings that represent distinct disease processes
histology microscopic study of tissues and cells for diagnostic purposes
biopsy extraction of cell samples from an organ or mass of tissue to allow for histological examination
neoplasia "new growth," tumor
benign abnormal cells that remain localized
malignant spread to other areas
Adenoma benign tumor, glandular tissue, organ
lipomas derived from fat cells
hemangioma collection of blood vessels in the skin or internal organ
desmoid tumors can be highly invasive but do NOT metastisize
nevi non-cancerous moles on the skin
myomas muscle tumor
carcinoma malignant epithelial cells
adenocarcinoma cancer of the glandular or ductal tissue
sarcoma mesenchymal origin, such as connective tissue, cartilage, and bone
leukemia cancerous changes in leukocytes
lymphoma cancerous lymphocytes in lymph tissue
labile cells rapidly dividing, never enter G0
stable cells after mitosis/differentiation they enter G0 where they stay until more are needed or damage occurs
permanent cells after mitosis daughter cell enters G0 and never go back into G1
differentiation process through which a cell changes from simple to specialized form
atrophy shrinkage of cells due to decrease in work, nerve damage,, malnutrition, or other damage/injury
hypertrophy increase in size of cells do to excess use
hyperplasia increase in number of cells in an organ tissue in response to a stimulus
metaplasia a reversible change where one cell type is replaced by another in response to chronic irritation or inflammation
dysplasia deranged cell growth due to chronic inflammation
neoplasia disorganized, uncoordinated, uncontrolled cell growth; cancerous; the tumor itself
anaplasia cell has no resemblance to anything around it/undifferentiated; cancerous; describes neoplasms
demarcated encapsulated; characteristic of benign tumors
aerobic metabolism uses O2; used when still; byproducts = H2O and CO2
anaerobic metabolism does not use O2; used when doing activity; produces lactic acid
hypoxia inadequate delivery of O2 to tissues; leads to anaerobic metabolism and ischemia
apoptosis programmed cell death; keeps abnormal cells from moving forward
necrosis cell death from stressors or injury that overwhelm their ability to survive; irreversible
infarction (ischemic necrosis) death of tissue from prolonged ischemia
ischemia lack of oxygenated blood to tissues
gangrene prolonged ischemia, infarction, and necrosis
wet gangrene bacteria invades tissue; swells, odor, oozes
dry gangrene no blood supply to tissue; dries, shrinks, turns black
angiogenesis formation of new blood vessels
carcinogenesis initiation of cancer formation
tumor supressor genes stop mutant cells from dividing
proto-oncogenes help cells divide when needed
oncogenes help cells divide when NOT needed
TNM Tumor, Nodes, Metastasis
anorexia no appetite
cachexia wasting away from inside out
anemia from destruction of RBCs or bone marrow; leads to fatigue
paraneoplastic syndromes present b/c of cancer effects but not directly caused by cancer
Created by: egrand2172
Popular Pathology sets

 

 



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