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HHP 1150 Unit 1
Embryology: intro and pre-embryonic period
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cell differentiation | transformation into specific cell types |
| cell development | process by which cells become fully functional |
| embryology | development events that occur prior to birth |
| Overview of Prenatal stages | First 38 weeks of human development -Pre-embryonic period (zygote period) (weeks 0-2) -Embryonic Period (weeks 3-8) -Fetal period (weeks9 to birth) |
| Give an overview of the pre-embryonic period | -first two weeks after fertilization, cleavage (weeks 0-2) Week 1: zygote->blastocyst Day5-9: implantation&tropho and epiblast->chronion, yolk sac, amnion |
| Give an overview of the embryonic period | -gastrulation and organogenesis from blastocyst (weeks 3-8) begins with establishment of three primary germ layers and ends with the main organ systems developed |
| Give an overview of the fetal period | -begins at week 9 and ends at birth -characterized by rapid growth of tissues and organs and maturation (most organs have been made, now just growing fast) |
| define cleavage | the series of mitotic divisions that a zygote undergoes once it (zygote) is formed (egg becomes zygote from fertilization) |
| define blastocyst and morula | Day 4: when a zygote reproduced into 16 cells, the morula is the 16-celled structure Day 5: once the morul enters the uterine cavity, it becomes a blastocyst with a fluid filled blastocyst cavity in its center |
| define zygote | fertilized egg. Day 1 |
| two components of blastocyst (week 1) | trophoblast: outer ring of cells that eventually develop into the chorion embryoblast: pluripotent cells packed inside on side of the blastocyst and will form the embryo |
| define pluripotent | can differentiate into any cell type in the human body (have not specialized yet) |
| define implantation (Day5-9) | within a week of fertilization, blastocyst enters uterus and invades superficial layer of endometrium ( lining of uterus) . By DAY 9, blastocyst has completely burrowed into uterine wall |
| Define bilaminar germinal (or embryonic disc). When do these develop? What are their roles? | Develop DAY 8. embryoblast cells differentiate into two distinct types: hypoblast and epiblast. Together, they make the disc H: layer of small cuboidal cells facing blastocyst cavity (superficial) E: layer of columnar cells deep to the hypoblast (deep_ |
| define extraembryonic membranes. How are they formed. What are their roles? | membranes that assist embryo development. PRODUCED by germinal disc (embryoblasts) and trophoblasts, but are not considered part of embryo. They typically perform roles in nutrition, gas exchange, and waste removal. |
| Define Yolk Sac | extraembryonic membrane. serves as a site for early blood cell and vessel formation. attached to HYPOBLAST |
| Define Amnion | extraembryonic membrane. thin layer of cells that form above (and is derived from) EPIBLAST. Between the amnion and epiblast is a fluid filled amniotic cavity |
| Define Chorion | outermost membrane responsible for formation of the placenta |
| Define placenta. How is it divided? | highly vascularized organ serving as an interface between the embryo (eventually fetus) and mother. Embryonic portion of the placenta is the chorion and maternal portion is from the endometrium |
| What are the main functions of the placenta? | -exchange nutrients, waste. gas, bt embryo and mother 0transmission of maternal antibodies -production of estrogen and progesterone to maintain uterine lining |
Created by:
kellyyrosse
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