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HHP 1150 Unit 1
Genetics and Cell Life Cycle
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Context for these cards | When there is no cell division, DNA and associated proteins are "stored" as chromatin. When cell division occurs, chromatin tightly coils into chromosomes |
| relationship between gene, chromatin, chromosome, and genome | -Gene: a short section of DNA, a unit of heredity -Chromatin: spooled together DNA. coils tighter into chromosome during division -Chromosome: a package of genes and other bits of DNA and proteins -Genome: an organism's complete set of DNA ... |
| Karyotype | A photographic inventory of an individual’s chromosomes – Obtained by taking cultures of blood cells – 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total) – 23rd pair determines sex (XX, XY) |
| monosomy | missing one chromosome |
| trisomy | extra chromosome |
| Chromosome Abnormalities on Pair 23 | Klinefelter Syndrome (XXY) Jacob's Syndrome (XYY) Turner's Syndrome (XO) |
| Klinefelter Syndrome effects | (XXY) male (if Y, classified as male) -grows female features such as breasts -slower or no growth of some male features |
| Jacob's Syndrome effects | (XYY) - increase in height |
| Turner's Syndrome effects | (XO) monosomy, girl -shorter -sterile -don't fully develop secondary organs without hormone supplements |
| Phases of cell cycle | interphase (time bt cell divisions) mitotic phase (cell division into two cells) |
| What phases are in the interphase | G1 (growth) S (DNA replication and growth) G2 (growth) |
| What phases are in the mitotic (M) phase? | -prophase -metaphase -anaphase -telephase |
| What occurs during the interphase, the majority of the cell's life cycle? | -resting/maintenance, normal metabolic activities such as: -cell growth, centriole replication for future division, synthesis of DNA, growth or organelles and enzymes |
| what occurs during the mitotic (M) phase? | -production of two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent -mitosis: division of the nucleus then -cyctokinesis: division of the cytoplasm |
| Describe cellular aging processes. Why does this occur? | normal and continuous process triggered by changes in organelles and/or chromatin as a result of reduced metabolic functions (-> ability to maintain homeostasis) |
| What are the two general ways that cells die? | necrosis (not natural): death by trauma or disease apoptosis (natural): programmed cell death |
Created by:
kellyyrosse
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