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HHP 1150 Unit 1
Cells
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| study of single body cells and their internal structures | cytology |
| most human cells have what three basic parts? | plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus |
| cell membrane is also called.... what is its role? | plasmalemma. separate extra-intracellular compartments |
| Difference bt passive and active transport | passive=no ATP required. active: requires ATP |
| types of passive transport | simple, osmosis, facilitated diffusion |
| how is facilitated diffusion different from normal diffusion | both move substances from high to low concentration :. no ATP needed. facilitated requires protein aid |
| Types of bulk active transport. Differentiate between them | exocytosis/endo- move stuff out/in of cell by merging secretory vesicle w membrane phagocytosis- no merging of secretory vesicle needed. membrane engulfs loose particle. pinocytosis- cell engulfs "drink".. reverse exocytosis |
| what is included in the cytoplasm? | cytosol (Energy fluid), inclusions (chemicals like pigments, nutrient stores, etc),and organelles (carry out specific functions) |
| membrane bound organelles | ER, golgi, lysosomes, peroxisomes, mitochondria |
| non membrane bound organelles | ribosomes, cytoskeleton, centrosomes, centrioles, cilia, flagella, microvilli |
| smooth vs rough ER | both: cisternae networks SER: synth, transport, storage of lipids. metab of CHO, detox of toxins (drug, alc) RER: synthesizes P for secretion, incorporation into membrane, and to be enzymes in lysosomes |
| relationship between ribsomes and rough ER | rough ER provides place for ribosomes to synthesize protein in one place so that many can be modified by ER and sent together |
| Golgi apparatus | modifies, packages, and sorts new proteins destined for secretion, membrane, lysosomes (from RER) |
| lysosomes | vesicles containing enzymes for digestion and waste removal produced and sent by golgi apparatus |
| peroxisomes | Sacs formed by pinching off RER. detoxify |
| mitochondria | double membraned orgalles -> cristae (folds where ATP is synthesized) |
| ribosomes | P synthesis |
| cytoskeleton | P organized in cytosol as solid filaments or hollow tubes to support framework and structure of cell and moving shit across cell. also cell division. Three types: MICROFILAMENTS, INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS, MICROTUBLES |
| centrosome | nonmembranous spherical structure adjacent to nucleus. contains TWO CENTRIOLES PERPENDICULAR to one another |
| centrioles | ATTACHED TO CHROMOSOMES during cell division causing chromosomal migration |
| cillia and flagella | projections from cell containing cytoplasm and microtubules capable of movement. Cilia: hair like, move together to move cell flagella: tail propels head |
| microvilli | surface area |
| nucelus | center of cellular activity, genetic material. produces and exports ribosomes.. Has three basic structures |
| Three basic structures of the nucleus. Describe each. | Nuclear envelope: double membrane w pores continuous to RER nucleolus: produces ribosomes chromatin: when the cell is not dividing, DNA and associated proteins exist as fine filaments. During cell division, chromatin tightly coils into chromosomes. |
Created by:
kellyyrosse
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