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Integumentary Ch 6
The Integumentary System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the two major regoins of the Skin (Integument)? | Epidermis and dermis. |
| Integument is separated from the deep fascia by the ___________. | Hypodermis (Superficial Fascia) |
| What is the epidermis composed of? | Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium. |
| The epidermis consists of ___ distinct cell types and ___ or ____ layers. | Four, Four, Five |
| What produces fibrous protien keratin? | Keratinocytes. |
| What produces the brown pigment melanin? | Melanocytes. |
| What is the definition of Langerhans' cell? | Epidermal macrophages that help activate the immune system. |
| What are Merkel cells? | Touch receptors (sensory system). |
| What is the epidermis composed of? | Epithelial cells. |
| What is the dermis composed of? | Fibrous connective tissue. |
| What connects the keratinocytes? | They are tightly connected by desmosomes. |
| Where is keratinocytes found? | In the deepest part of the epidermis from the cell layer, Stratum Basale. |
| This epidermis cell has a spider-shaped epithelial cell. | Melanocytes. |
| Where is Melanocytes found in the epidermis? | The deepest layer of the epidermis. |
| What is another word used for Langerhans cells? | Epidermal Dendritic cells. |
| What is the purpose of Langerhans cells? | They ingest foreign substances and are key activators of our immune system. |
| What is the shape of Langerhans cells? | Star-shaped. |
| Where are Langerhans cells? | Arise from bone marrow and migrate to the epidermis. |
| What is another word for Merkle cells? | Tactile cells. |
| What is the shape of the Merkle cell? | Spiky hemisphere. |
| The purpose of the Merkle cell functions as a... | Sensory receptor for touch. |
| What is the deepest epidermal layer? | Stratum Basale |
| What does the Stratum Basale consist of? | Single row of the youngest keratinocytes. |
| Cells undergo rapid division is what epidermal layer? | Stratum Basale |
| Which layer of the epidermis is concidered the "prickly" layer? | Stratum Spinosum |
| The Stratum Spinosum consists many layers of __________. | Keratinocytes |
| In Stratum Spinosum, the keratinocytes contain a ________ system of ___________ ___________ attched to desmosomes. | Weblike, Intermediate Filaments |
| Melanin granules and Langerhans' cells are abundant in what layer? | Stratum Spinosum. |
| What layer of the epidermis contains a 3 to 5 cell layers? | Stratum Granulosum. |
| In Stratum Granulosum, drastic changes in ___________ appearance occurs. | Keratinocyte. |
| Keratohyaline granules... | form keratin. (Strong skin) |
| Lamellated granules... | contain water-resistant glycolipids. |
| The thin epidermis layer that lies between the Stratum Granulosum and the Stratum Corneum. | Stratum Lucidum. |
| The Stratum Lucidum constits of... | few rows of flat, dead keratinocytes. |
| The Stratum Lucidum is present only in ____ ____. | thick skin |
| Palm of hand, and sole of foot is an example of... | Stratum Lucidum. |
| The outter most layer of keratinized, dead cells. | Stratum Corneum. |
| Functions of the Stratum Corneum are... | Water-resistance, protection, and rendering the body. |
| The second major skin region is the _____. | Dermis |
| What are the cells found in the dermis? | Connective tissue proper: fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, and white blood cells. |
| What are the two layers of the dermis? | Papillary and reticular. |
| What tissue is found in the papillary layer of the dermis? | Areolar connective tissue; with collagen and elastic fibers. |
| What is the purpose of the papillary layer? | Sensory: free nerve endings. |
| Meissner's corpuscles are the _______ receptors of the papillary layer. | touch |
| What is the tissue found in the reticular layer of the dermis? | Dense irregular connective tissue; collagen and elastin fibers. |
| In the reticular layer, collagen fibers add ________ and resiliency to the skin. | strength |
| In the reticular layer, elastin fibers proved _______-_______ properties. | stretch-recoil |
| Subcutaneous layer deep to the skin is... | hypodermis. |
| What is the hypodermis composed of? | Adipose and areolar connective tissue. |
| The hypodermis has a very rich... | blood supply. |
| Three pigments contribute to skin color: | melanin, carotene, and hemogoblin. |
| A polymer made of tyrosine amino acids. Its two forms range in color from ______ to ______ to _________ to _______. | Melanin. Yellow, tan, redish-brown, black. |
| What are enzymes called in melanocytes? | Tyrosinase. |
| Yellow to orange pigment, that is most obviouse in palms and soles of the feet. | Carotene. |
| Where is carotene found? | Stratum corneum and fatty tissue of the hypodermis. |
| Reddish pigment responsible for the pinkish hue of the skin is... | Hemoglobin. |
| Hemoglobin is found in... | red blood cells circulationg the dermal cappilaries. |
| Distributed over the entire skin surface except the nipples and parts of the external genitalia. | Sweat glands. |
| Two types of sweat glands are: | Eccrine and apocrine. |
| Cells in sweat glands are... | associated with myoepithelial cells. |
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