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Module 10
Module 10 - Early Middle Ages
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was the main event that started the middle ages? | The fall of the western Roman Empire. |
| Why was it hard for Germanic people to have large kingdoms? | Germanic people fought for their lord and were loyal to him. They didn't feel any loyalty toward a king or central government. |
| What did Charlemagne do? | Unite many germanic people under one empire. |
| What was the single most important institution throughout the middle ages and why? | The Roman Catholic Church. With the lack of any government and order in western Europe, the church was the only stable institution. |
| What were monasteries? | A place where men devoted their lives to Christianity and the church. These men were called monks. These were centres of learning. |
| What were the political and economic systems in place during the middle ages? | Feudalism and Manorialism |
| Why did feudalism emerge? | Many people wouldn't show loyalty to kings they never met, so they were instead loyal to lords. The peasants also needed protection, this is where knights came in. Feudalism provided some security and stability in a very dangerous and unstable time. |
| What is a manor? | Land owned by the lord that peasants and serfs worked and lived on. Typically included fields, a village for peasants, the lords house, and more. |
| What is the difference between a serf and a peasant? | Serfs were bound to the land and could not leave, peasants could leave, although they still needed to work on it and were still very poor. |
| What is feudalism? | A political system based on personal ties and loyalty. It involves a strict social hierarchy and the sharing of things between these social classes. For example the peasants would provide food, the knights would provide protection. |
| Why was it so hard to be a serf or peasant in feudal Europe? | There were many, many taxes. Along with that the work was difficult, and they had little rights and freedoms. Illness was rampant, this was helped by their cottages being small and cramped. |
| What is chivalry? | A set of ideals that knights were meant to follow. This includes ideas about loyalty, fighting for their lords, God, and their wives. Some of these ideals were not always followed. |
| Why isn't most literature about knights an accurate depiction of reality? | The ideals of chivalry and fighting are heavily romanticized in a lot of literature. |
| What were battles like in Medieval Europe? | Very brutal and bloody. During a siege of a castle, knights could have boiling water, molten lead, hot oil, and more dumped on them. Archers could shoot through armour. |
| What was a knight's training like? | It was long and brutal. Sons of nobles would start training at 7 and would be called a page. When he turned 14 he would become a squire, essentially a servant to a knight. When he turned 21 he would become a full knight. |
| How were woman viewed during the Medieval period? | Woman were viewed as lesser to men. The church taught this and so everybody believed it. Peasant woman would have similar jobs to peasant men. Noblewoman generally stayed in the house and did housework for their husbands. |
| What did Pope Gelasius I say about the church and state? | He said that God has created two swords, a religious and political one. The pope had a spiritual one, and emperors had political ones. The pope should bow to emperors in political affairs and that kings should bow to the pope in spiritual matters. |
| What was the main unifying force during the middle ages? | Most Europeans lived in small communities with few others. Yet, nearly everyone in Europe believed in Christianity. Everybody was united together via their shared belief in Christianity. The church was the main unifying force in Medieval Europe. |
| What was excommunication? | Excommunication meant being banished from the church. This was especially bad because it meant that they couldn't reach heaven. Reaching heaven was very important to people of the middle ages. |
| What was an interdict? | Interdict was similar to an excommunication, but worse. It prevented many scramanets and religeous services from happening in the king's lands. |
| What was lay investiture? Why didn't the church like it? | Lay investiture was the practice of kings, emperors, or any secular ruler choosing the clergy for the church. The church didn't like this because it gave kings more power in the church. |
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26kdoyle
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