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Mod. 6
Mod. 6 - Medical Terminology
Question | Answer |
---|---|
an(o) | - root - anus |
append(o) | - root - appendix |
appendic(o) | - root - appendix |
bucc(o) | - root - cheek |
cec(o) | - root - cecum |
Celi(o) | - root - belly |
chol(e) | - root - gall/bile |
cholecyst(o) | - root - gall bladder |
col(o) | - root - colon |
colon(o) | - root - colon |
dent(o) | - root - teeth |
odont(o) | - root - teeth |
duoden(o) | - root - teeth |
enter(o) | - root - small intestine |
esophag(o) | - root - esophagus |
gastr(o) | - root - stomach |
gingiv(o) | - root - gums |
hepat(o) | - root - liver |
ile(o) | - root - ileum |
jejun(o) | - root - jejunum |
labi(o) | - root - lips |
lingu(o) | - root - tongue |
gloss(o) | - root - tongue |
or(o) | - root - mouth |
pancreat(o) | - root - pancreas |
peritone(o) | -root -peritoneum |
pharyng(o) | - root - pharynx |
proct(o) | - root -rectum/anus |
rect(o) | - root - rectum/anus |
sigmoid(o) | - root - sigmoid colon |
pre | - prefix - before |
post | - prefix - after |
retro | -prefix - backward |
ase | - suffix - enzyme |
flux | - suffix - flow |
iasis | - suffix - abnormal condition |
lith | - suffix - calculus/stone |
lytic | - suffix - breakdown |
pepsia | - suffix - digestion |
prandial | - suffix - meal |
ostomy | - suffix - creation of an artificial opening |
tresia | - suffix - opening |
tripsy | - suffix - crushing |
ascites | fluid accumulation within the abdomen |
cirrhosis | chronic liver disease |
diverticulosis | forming of bulging sacs in the large intestine |
diverticulitis | inflammation of bulging sacs in large intestine |
hemorrhoids | - mass/enlarged and twisted varicose vein in the mucous membrane of the rectum |
hernia | protrusion of an organ through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it |
inflammatory bowl disease | ulceration of the mucous membrane of the colon ---- Ex: chrone's disease |
irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) | - disturbance of instestinal function of unknown origin |
jaundince | result of excess bile in blood, characterized by yellow skin and eyes |
ulcer | open sore/lesion of the skin/mucous membrane |
Cortic(o) | -root - renal cortex |
cyst(o) | - root - urinary bladder |
dips(o) | - root - thirst |
glomerul(o) | - root - glomerulus |
hydr(o) | - root - water |
lith(o) | - root - stone |
medull(o) | - root - renal medulla |
nephr(o) | - root - kidney |
ren(o) | - root -kidney |
noct(i) | - root - night |
pyel(o) | - root - renal pelvis |
ur(o) | - root - urine |
urin(o) | - root -urine |
ureter(o) | - root - ureter |
urethra(o) | - root - urethra |
an | - prefix - without |
dys | - prefix - difficult |
poly | - prefix - many |
trans | - prefix - through or across |
continence | - suffix - to stop |
emia | - suffix - a blood condition |
graphy | - suffix - process of recording |
iasis | - suffix - condition |
ia | - suffix - condition |
itis | - suffix - inflammation |
lysis | - suffix - breakdown |
megaly | - suffix - enlargement |
ptosis | - suffix - drooping/prolapse |
tripsy | - suffix - crushing |
uria | - suffix - urination |
diuresis | abnormal secretion of large amounts of urin |
dysuria | painful or difficult urination |
end-stage renal disease | kidney disease where kidneys can no longer adequately filter the blood |
renal hypertension | elevated level of urea or other protein waste products in the blood |
uremia | elevated level of urea or other protein waste products in the blood |
balan(o) | - root - glans penis |
orch(o) | -root - testes |
orchi(o) | - root - testes |
orchid(o) | - root -testes |
test(o) | - root - testes |
prostat(o) | - root - prostate gland |
spermat(o) | - root - sperm |
cervic(o) | - root - neck, cervix (neck of the uterus) |
colp(o) | - root - vagina |
vagin(o) | - root - vagina |
gynec(o) | - root - female/woman |
hyster(o) | - root - uterus |
uter(o) | - root - uterus |
lapar(o) | - root - abdomen |
mamm(o) | - root - breast |
mast(o) | - root - breast |
men(o) | - root - menses/menstruation |
oophor(o) | - root - ovary |
ovari(o) | - root - ovary |
salping(o) | - root - fallopian tube |
benign prostatic hypertrophy | - enlargement of the prostate gland - commonly seen in men over 50 |
candidiasis | - vaginal yeast infection - fungal infection that is characterized by extreme itchiness and curd-like discharge |
endometriosis | - endometrial tissue grows in other areas of the body, causing: ----- pain ----- irregular bleeding ----- possible infertility |
herpes genitalis | -geno/anorectal infection with herpes virus - spread via sex - can also be passed to fetus during child birth and can be fatal in children |
sublingual | below the tongue |
gingivitis | inflammation of the gums |
esophagoplasty | surgical repair of the esophagus |
duodenorrhaphy | suture or fixation of the duodenum |
gastrostomy | artificial opening of the stomach |
cholelithiasis | abnormal condition of gall stones |
sigmoidoscopy | visual examination of the sigmoid colon |
rectostenosis | narrowing of the rectum |
dyspepsia | bad or difficult digestion |
postprandial | after a meal |
visual examination of the colon | colonoscopy |
stones in the pancreas | pancreatolith |
pain in the gall bladder | cholecystalgia |
enlarged liver | hepatomegaly |
narrowing of the jejunum | jejunostenosis |
incision of the ileum | ileotomy |
inflammation of the small intestin | enteritis |
above the stomach | epigastric |
herniation of protrusion of the duodenum | duodenocele |
specialist of the teeth | dentist |
lithotripsy | crushing a stone |
nocturia | having to urinate during the night |
hyperdipsia | abnormal condition of excessive thirst |
renomegaly | enlarged kidney |
nephrolithiasis | abnormal condition of kidney stones |
suprarenal | above the kidneys |
nephroptosis | prolapsed of the kidney |
cystorrhaphy | suture of the bladder |
uterealgia | pain in the ureters |
urethrocystitis | inflammation of the urethra and the bladder |
surgical repair of the bladder | cystoplasty |
instrument used to examine the urethra | urethroscope |
surgical removal of the kidney | nephrectomy/renectomy |
crushing of a kidney stone | nephrolithotripsy |
ureteromegaly | enlarged ureter |
pertaining to the renal medulla | medullar |
below the bladder | hypocystic |
prolapsed of the urethra | urethroptosis |
breakdown of the renal cortex | corticolysis |
inflammation of the bladder | cystitis |
spermatogenesis | formation of new sperm |
prostatitis | inflammation of the prostate |
testectomy | surgical removal of the testes |
oophoropathhy | disease of the ovaries |
mammogram | visual record of the breast |
hysteroptosis | prolapse of the uterus |
salpingoscope | instrument used to visually examine the fallopian tube |
colpodynia | pain in the vagina |
gynecologist | female specialist |
cervicorrhaphy | suture of the cervix |
surgical repair of the glans penis | balanoplasty |
herniation of the testes | testocele |
enlarged prostate gland | prostatomegaly |
surgical removal of the breast | mastectomy |
lack of menstrual flow or dischard | amenorrhea |
sperm in the urine | spermatouria |
a sperm cell | spermatocyte |
prolapsed of the ovaries | oophoroptosis |
inflammation of the vagina | vaginitis |
surgical fixation of the testes | orchopexy |
three functions of the GI system | 1 - transport food 2 - prepare food for absorption 3 - transport waste products for elimination |
describe the oral cavity | - the mouth - voluntary - contains 3 pairs of salivary glands ----- releases digestive enzymes |
mastication | - chewing - breaking food into smaller peices |
describe the papillae | - raised projections on tongue - "taste buds" - helps push food from mouth to pharynx and eventually down the esophagus |
describe the esophagus | - connects the mouth to the stomach - peristalsis starts here |
what is perstalsis | - the function of the smooth muscle in the GI system - propels food - involuntary |
describe the bladder | - hollow - elastic - muscular sac - in the pelvic cavity - receives urine from ureters |
the internal sphincter is (voluntary/involuntary); and the external sphincter is (voluntary/involuntary) | internal = INVOLUNTARY external= VOLUNTARY |
the (internal/external) sphincter allows for voiding | EXTERNAL sphincter allows for voiding |
the ___________________ carries urine from the bladder to the external body and allows for voiding. | URETHRA allows for voiding |
micturition | process of voiding |
functions of the male reproductive system | 1 - produce sperm 2 - secrete testosterone |
describe the testes | - there are two - develops in the kidney region and decends into the scrotum prior to birth |
seminiferous tubules | location of spermatogenesis (sperm production) |
interstitial cells | - other cells in the testes - responsible for testosterone production |
path of sperm during ejaculation | - seminiferous tubules - epididymus - vas deferens - ejaculatory duct (urethra) |
function of the epididymus | sperm storage prior to ejaculation |
what is the function of the vas deferens | carry sperm into pelvic region |
at what point does the vas deferens become the ejaculatory duct | when the seminal vesicle ducts connect to the vas deferens |
what is the function of the seminal vesicles | produce and secrete seminal fluid ---- nurishes sperm and forms most of ejaculate fluid |
the penis is formed of ___________ masses of erectile tissue | 3 |
where is the prostate gland located | the upper end of the vas deferens |
what is the function of the prostate gland | produce alkaline fluid --- aids in sperm motility --- protects sperm in acidic vaginal fluid |
describe the glans penis | - distal end of the penis - covered with retractable skin fold (prepuce/foreskin) |
functions of the female reproductive system | - produce estrogen - produce progesterone - foster a safe environment for pregnancy |
describe the ovaries | - female gonads - either side of uterus - attach to uterus by the broad ligament |
what are the functions of the ovaries | - released mature ovum - produce sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone) |
describe fallopian tubes | - connects ovaries to uterus - site of fertilization |
describe the uterus | - muscular organ - sits between bladder and rectum |
the fundus of the uterus | upper portion of the uterus |
corpus of the uterus | the body of the uterus |
where does pregnancy usually occur | - the fundus or the corpus of the uterus |
endometrium | mucosa layer of the uterus |
myometrium | muscular layer of the uterus |
describe the cervix | - narrow lower portion of uterus - leads to the vagina |
describe the vagina | - muscular tube lined with a mucous membrane |
bartholin's glands | - two - either side of the vagina - secrete mucous - helps lubricate the vagina |
external genitalia in women | labia majora and labia minora (vulva) |
the labia majora/minora are also collectively called | vulva |
three parts of the stomach | 1 - fundus (upper) 2 - body (middle) 3 - antrum (lower) |
rugae | - fold of stomach lining - allow for stretching during food breakdown |
name the two sphincters in the stomach | - esophageal (between esophagus and stomach) - pyloric (between stomach and small intestine) |
what are the functions of the stomach sphincters | - openings - contract and relax - allow food in/out of stomach respectively |
esophageal sphincter allows food (in/out) of the stomach; while the pyloric sphincter allows food (in/out) of the stomach | esophageal = IN pyloric = OUT |
what is chyme | - food that has been broken down chemically |
name the accessory organs to the gi system | - liver - pancreas - gall bladder |
what is bile | - product of the liver - aids in food breakdown - stored in gall bladder |
what is amylase and lipase | - produced in pancreas - digestive enzymes - enter small intestine via pancreatic duct |
path of food | - mouth - esophagus - esophageal sphincter - stomach - pyloric sphincter - duodenum - jejunum - ileum -ileocecal valve - cecum - colon (ascending/transvers/descending) - sigmoid colon - rectum (anus) |
1st part of the small intestine | - duodenum |
where does chyme mix with bile | in the duodenum of the small intestine |
2nd part of the small intestine | jejunum |
3rd part of the small intestine | ileum |
where does most absorption take place in the gi system | ileum of small intestine |
the ileocecal valve | the boarder between the large and small intestine |
where is the appendix located | in the cecum of the large intestine |
name the three parts of the colon | - ascending - transverse - descending |
this part of the large intestine is S-shaped | sigmoid colon |
what is the function of the large intestine | - does NOT absorb nutrients - functions more as a storage space |
name the components of the urinary system | - (2) kidneys - (2) ureters - bladder - urethra |
what is the function of the glomeruli | collection/filtration of urine |
the is the primary function of the urinary system | - remove urea from blood |
describe urea | - metabolic waste - nitrogenous waste |
describe the kidneys | - bean shaped - surrounded by adipose tissue - two portions ----cortex ---- medulla |
renal cortex | outer portion of the kidneys |
renal medulla | - inner portion - contains nephrons (the functional unit of the kidneys), collection tubules, glomeruli |
what are the glomeruli | - capillaries at the beginning of each nephron |