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7559 American Gov

7559 American Government Final Exam Study Guide A

QuestionAnswer
House of Burgesses - First English representative government - Representative assembly in colonial Virginia
Parts of the Declaration of Independence - Made of 5 distinctive parts: - The introduction - The preamble - The body - A conclusion
From where does the power come from stated in the Declaration of Independence? - The consent of the governed
Legislative Branch - Branch made up of the House and the Senate (Congress) - Makes laws, declare wars, regulate interstate and foreign commerce, controls taxing and spending policies
Why did Federalist agree to add a Bill of Rights to the Constitution? - To ensure ratification of the document
U.S. Constitution v. Articles of Confederation AoC: - required the approval from all states - created a loose confederation of sovereign states and a weak central government - only has one house US Constitution: - required the approval from only 9 states - contains 2 houses
Differences between the Anti-Federalists and the Federalists Federalist: -supported the constitution & a stronger national republic - wanted a strong government and strong executive branch. Anti-Federalists: - opposed the ratification of the constitution, favored a weak government - demanded a bill of rights
A major reason why the Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution - To convince states to ratify the Constitution - Anti-Federalists would not approve until it was added
“Father of the Constitution” James Madison
Checks and Balances ( 2 questions) - Principle of government under which separate branches are empowered to prevent actions by other branches and are induced to share power
First Amendment - Guarantees freedoms concerning religion, expression, assembly, and the right to petition
Where did the Anti-Federalists believe the power was given in the original draft of the Constitution? - Believed the Constitution granted too much power to the federal courts
Federalists beliefs on the Constitution - It created a strong national government - The separation of powers amongst the three branches of government would help protect the rights of the people
Some main areas for which the Constitution provides? - Creates a national government consisting of a legislative, an executive, and a judicial - Divides power between the federal government and the states - Protects various individual liberties of American citizens
Election of 1800 - The election of Thomas Jefferson - Marked as a success for the Democratic-Republican party and the decline of the Federalist party - A political realignment that ushered in a generation of Democratic-Republican leadership
Veto - The power of the President to refuse to approve a bill or joint resolution and thus prevent its enactment into law - A constitutional right to reject a decision or proposal made by a law-making body
Judicial Review - Review by the US Supreme Court of the constitutional validity of a legislative act - The actions of the executive and legislative branches of the government are subject to review and possible invalidation by the judiciary
What court case established Judicial Review U.S. Supreme Court case; Marbury v. Madison (1803) - Established the principle of judicial review
Central idea of democracy - A government in which power and civic responsibility are exercised by all adult citizens directly through their freely elected representative -Rests upon the principles of majority rule & individual rights
According to the Declaration of Independence, from where should the government derive their legitimacy? - "Governments derive their power from the consent of the governed" - The government can only maintain its power if its citizens want it; the government serves the citizens
One goal of the American Revolution - Independence from Britain - Wanted to restore rights the colonists felt were already theirs - Based on the idea that government existed only by the consent of the people
Know what the 14th, 15th, 19, and 21st amendments were all about. (2 questions) - 14th: Grants citizenship to all persons "born or naturalized in the United States." - 15th: Granted all citizens regardless of race or color the ability to vote - 19th: Granted women the right to vote -21st: Officially repealed federal prohibition
Political Machines - A party organization headed by a single boss or small autocratic group - Commands enough votes to maintain political and administrative control of a city, county, or state
Reapportionment of the Constitution - Process by which seats in the U.S. House of Representatives are distributed among the 50 states
The concept in the opening words of the Preamble - Order to form a more perfect Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote general welfare - Secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our Posterity
Procedures for a president to be removed from office - Requires a two-thirds vote of the Senate to convict, and the penalty for an impeached official upon conviction is removal from office
Pocketbook Vote - Voting for a political party or candidate that benefits the voter the most financially
What are the following course cases about?: Marbury v. Madison Roe v. Wade Plessy v. Ferguson McCullouch v Maryland - Established the principles of judicial review in the U.S. - Granted power to the federal courts which allowed them to declare legislative and executive acts unconstitutional
Cloture Motion - A closure motion "To bring to a close the debate on any measure, motion, or other matter pending before the Senate, or the unfinished business," - Must be signed by at least 16 senators and they may be present at any time
Formal qualifications to run for President and/or Congress - President; must be a natural-born citizen, be at least 35 years old, have been a resident of the U.S. for at least 14 years - Congress; be at least 25 years old, have been a U.S. citizen for at least 7 years, live in the state they represent
Due Process - Requirement that legal matters be resolved according to established rules and principles, and that individuals be treated fairly - Applies to both civil and criminal matters
How many amendments are in the Constitution today? 27 Amendments
What are the Bill of Rights? - First 10 amendments in the Constitution - Guarantees civil rights and liberties to the individual; i.e. freedom of speech, press, and religion. - Sets the rules for due process of law and reverses all powers not delegated to the Federal Government
Double Jeopardy - A procedural defence - (Prosecuting a person more than once for the same offense) - Prevents an accused person from being tried again on the same (or similar) charges
Refugees v. illegal aliens - Refugee: Someone who has been forced to flee his or her country because of persecution, war or violence -Illegal Alien: A foreign national who is living without official authorization in a country of which they are not a citizen
Biggest entitlement program - Programs that provide for the poor and elderly as well as those who are disabled I.E. - Social Security - Medicare/ Medicaid
Magna Carta - A document that gave certain rights to the English people - The first document to put into writing the principle that the king and his government were not above the law
Progressive Tax v. Flat Tax -PT: tiered tax rates that charge higher income individuals higher percentages of their income and offer the lower rates to those with the lowest incomes -FT: assign one tax rate to all taxpayers, ignores the differences between rich and poor taxpayers
What do Article I, II, and III establish in the Constitution - Establish the three branches of government and their powers; legislative (congress), Executive (office of the President), and Judicial (Federal court system)
What did the framers of the Constitution intend to establish? - Wanted to form a government that did not allow one person to have too much authority or control - Provide a separation of powers; three separate branches of government - Wanted to ensure the people would be represented
Establishment Clause - Prohibits the government from making any law "respecting an establishment of religion" - Forbids the government from establishing an official religion, but also prohibits government actions that unduly favor one religion over another
Federalism - A system of government in which the same territory is controlled by two levels of government - Entities such as states or provinces share power with a national government
Steps for an amendment to be adopted - Passage by congress; proposed amendment must be approved by a two-thirds vote - Notification of the states; sends notification and material to the governor of each state - Ratification; By three-fourths of the states
Articles of Confederation - Established the functions of the national government of the U.S. after it declared independence from Britain - First written constitution of the U.S. - Congress did not have the power to tax, regulate foreign trade, enforce law, etc.
Civic Duty v. Jury Duty (2 questions) - CD; Responsibility expected from all members of a society, follows the principle that citizens have an obligation to serve their society -JD; Helps support fairness in trials, able to give impartial viewpoints on cases that present in court
Closed Party v. Open Party - CP; they have no influence on the party-supplied order in which party candidates are elected, voters vote as a whole - OP; voters have at least some influence on the order in which a party's candidates are elected
Who is responsible for forming the boundaries of the US congressional districts? - Established by the states based on the result of the 2000 census - Boundaries and numbers shown for the congressional district are those specified in the state laws or court orders establishing the districts within each state
Created by: LieCandy
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