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Unit 1 Anatomy
Unit 1 The Body as a Whole
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The body as a whole can be subdivided into two major divisions. They are? | Axial and Appendicular |
| Another name for the midsagittal plane is? | Median |
| An example of a tissue in the body is? | Epithelium Tissue |
| Muscles are (blank) to the skin. | Deep |
| The chest is (blank) to the abdomen. | Superior |
| The gluteal region is (blank) to the popliteal region. | Superior |
| Which structure is located entirely within the right upper quadrant? | Gallbladder |
| The abdominopelvic cavity is subdivided into the (blank) cavities. | Abdominal & Pelvic |
| What are some characteristics of human life? | Growth, responsiveness, & reproduction |
| What characteristic is not a part of human life? | Synthesis by scientists. |
| Anatomy is defined as the study of the (blank) of a living organism. | Structure |
| The brain is (blank) to the skull. | Deep |
| The knee is (blank) to the foot. | Proximal |
| A coronal section of the body can... | pass through both ears |
| The sternal region is (blank) to the scapular region. | Anterior |
| (Blank) refers to the inner region of an organ, whereas (blank) refers to an outer region or layer of an organ. | Medullary (inner), Cortical (outer) |
| Regarding directional terms, superior mean? | Toward the head |
| True or False? The dorsal body cavity is subdivided into a cranial cavity and spinal a cavity | True |
| The inguinal region lies... | where the thigh joins the trunk |
| As an anatomical region, lumbar refers to... | the infero-medial aspect of the back |
| The frontal plane is the same as a (blank) plane. | coronal |
| The space that encloses the brain and spinal cord forms one continuous cavity called the (blank) cavity. | dorsal |
| Which branch of anatomy studies the structural changes that occur as one ages? | developmental anatomy |
| The (blank) system is involved in immunity. | Lymphatic |
| Which organ is not found in the ventral body cavity? | spinal cord |
| Physiology is the study of the (blank) of a living organism. | function |
| How many abdominal regions are there? | Nine |
| From smallest to largest, the levels of organization of the body are: | Chemical, organelle, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism. |
| An organ is one organizational level higher than a | tissue. |
| Several kinds of tissues working together are termed as a | organ |
| The smallest living units of structure and function in the body are... | cells. |
| The frontal section divides the body into (blank) portions. | front & back |
| When many similar cells specialize to perform a certain function, it is referred to as a: | Tissue |
| The abdominopelvic cavity does not contain the what? | Heart |
| The mediastinum does not contain the what? | right lung |
| The lungs are located in the? | Thoracic cavity |
| The reproductive system does not include the what? | ureter |
| A plane through the body that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions is: | coronal |
| Atoms combined to form larger chemical aggregates are what? | Molecules |
| What is the anatomical direction term that means nearer the surface? | Superficial |
| What is not considered a characteristic of life? | Balance |
| Mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum are examples of: | Organelles |
| The plane that divides the body into upper and lower parts is the _____ plane. | Transverse |
| The gallbladder lies in the? | abdominal cavity |
| Two major cavities of the human body are? | Ventral & Dorsal |
| An organization of many similar cells that are specialized to perform a certain function is called a: | tissue |
| The structure that is called the “powerhouse” of the cell is the: | Mitochondria |
| Blood production is a function of which system? | Skeletal |
| A substance that cannot be broken down or decomposed into two or more different substances is called a(n) | element |
| A molecule that is polar: | -can form a hydrogen bond -has an unequal charge |
| As a result of which reaction during catabolism is a water molecule added to break a larger compound into smaller subunits? | hydrolysis |
| The elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen make up which percentage of the human body? | 96% |
| The type of chemical reaction most likely to require energy is a(n) _____ reaction. | synthesis |
| The most abundant element essential to life is | carbon |
| As the concentration of hydrogen ions increases, the pH goes _____, and the solution becomes more _____. | down; acidic |
| A chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between the outer shells of two atoms is called a(n) _____ bond. | covalent |
| The element oxygen has an atomic number of 8, which means it contains: | 8 protons |
| Which type of chemical reaction results in the breakdown of a complex substance into two or more simpler substances? | decomposition reaction |
| A weak acid: (does what?) | dissociates very little in solution. |
| The atomic number tells you the | number of protons in the nucleus |
| Which of the following is not a subatomic particle? | radon |
| Chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electrons are called: | covalent |
| Ionic bonds are chemical bonds formed by the: | transfer of electrons from one atom to another. |
| The total number of electrons in a neutral atom equals the number of: | protons in its nucleus. |
| Acids (do what?) | release hydrogen ions. |
| A force holding two atoms together is a(n) | chemical bond |
| Hydrolysis _____ a water molecule. | breaks down compounds by adding |
| Which subatomic particles carry a charge? | Protons and electrons |
| As the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH–) increases, the: | solution becomes more basic, pH rises |
| Acids, bases, and salts belong to a large group of compounds called | electrolytes |
| An atom can be described as chemically inert if its outermost electron shell contains _____ electrons. | eight |
| Hydrogen bonds result from unequal charge distribution on a molecule. Such molecules are said to be | polar |
| What decomposition reaction requires the addition of a water molecule to break a bond? | hydrolysis |
| The water molecule has two distinct ends, each with a partial electrical charge. Because of this structure, water is said to be | polar |
| Electrolytes are: | called cations if they have a positive charge. |
| Atoms with fewer than eight electrons in the outer energy level will attempt to lose, gain, or share electrons with other atoms to achieve stability. This tendency is called the | octet rule |
| An element that contains the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons is called a(n) | isotope |
| The reaction between hydrogen and oxygen needed to form water is an example of a: | synthesis reaction |
| What term is used to describe all of the chemical reactions that occur in body cells? | metabolism |
| Which of the following is not one of the major elements present in the human body? | Zinc |
| When atoms combine, they may gain, lose, or share: | electrons |
| The formation of sucrose involves the removal of a molecule of water. This is called: | dehydration synthesis |
| Substances that accept hydrogen ions are called: | bases |
| The process of the digestion of food is an example of which type of reaction? | decomposition |
| A solution that contains a greater concentration of hydroxide ions (OH–) than hydrogen ions (H+) is a(n) _____ solution. | alkaline (basic) |
| As the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) increases, the: | acidic |
| A magnesium atom has an atomic number of 12, an atomic mass of 25, and a +2 charge. This atom would contain _____ protons, _____ neutrons, and _____ electrons. | 12;13;10 |
| An example of a catabolic process is: | hydrolosis |
| An example of an element would be: | Ne |
| A negatively charged subatomic particle that moves around the nucleus is a(n): | electron |
| The kind of element is determined by the number of: | protons |
| The type of reaction in which substances are combined to form more complex substances is called a(n) _____ reaction. | synthesis |
| An isotope of an element contains different numbers of ____ from other atoms of the same element. | neutrons |
| The hydrogen isotope tritium consists of: | one proton and two neutrons |
| The most abundant and important compound(s) in the body is(are): | water |
| An ionic bond is formed by: | positive and negative ion attracted to each other |
| The approximate pH of gastric fluid is: | 2 |
| In the presence of a base, red litmus paper will: | turn blue |
| Which of the following represents a trace element in the body? | iron |
| Which of the following bonds are the weakest? | hydrogen |
| AB + CD → AD + CB is an example of a(n) _____ reaction. | exchange |
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