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Lab 6
Gross Musculoskeletal anatomy of the lower limb
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| dorsiflexion | flexing or raising the dorsal surface of foot (extensors) |
| plantar flexion | flexing the plantar surface of the foot, depressing the foot and pointing the toes down |
| inversion | turning foot in, rotate sole medially |
| eversion | turning foot out, rotate sole laterally |
| Bones of the pelvic girdle | ilium, ischium, and pubis |
| Joints of the pelvic girdle | sacroiliac joint, pubic symphysis, and hip joint |
| What makes up the pelvis | sacrum and the ossa coaxe |
| acetabulum | site of hip joint where femur and hip joint meet, femoral head fits making it a ball and socket joint also where all three bones meet |
| Obturator foramen | Hole in each ossa coaxe, which allows nerves and blood vessels to pass |
| ischial tuberosity | inferior projection in ischium, attaches hamstring muscles |
| Iliopoas muscle | prime hip flexor, composed of iliac and psoas major |
| Gluteus Maximus | When getting up main thigh extensor, has and IT band which is attached to iliac crest and hip joint |
| Semimembranous, Semitendinosus, and Biceps femoris | Walking, muscles of thigh extension (hamstring group) |
| Hamstring group muscles | Origin: proximally on the ischial tuberosity Insertion: distally onto bones of leg |
| Pectineus | hip flexion Origin: superior arm of pubis Insertion: proximal femur below lesser trochanter |
| Sartorius | hip flexion Origin: anterior edge of ilium at ASIS, longest muscle in body |
| Tensor fasciae latae | hip flexion Origin: on the ASIS and posterior iliac spine Insertion: into the IT band |
| Rectus femoris | hip flexion, crosses hip and knee, straight head originates at AIIS and reflected head attaches at acetabulum quadricep muscle, extend the knee |
| Hip flexors | Sartorius, tensor fascia latte, rectus femoris, Iliopsoas, and pectineus |
| hip extensors | Biceps femoris, adductor magnus, semimembranous, gluteus maximus, and semitendinosus |
| thigh adductors | Adductor Magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, gracilis, and pectinous |
| Thigh adductors origin and insertion | pubis, and attach on the posterior femur (linea aspera) |
| thigh abductors | gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fasciae latae |
| Gluteus medius and minimus origin and insertion | located on gluteal surface of ilium (deep too gluteus maximus) insert onto greater trochanter of femur |
| Internal rotators | gluteus medius & minimus, semimembranous and semitendinosus, and all of the adductor muscles |
| Piriformis | external rotator, deep beneath gluteus maximus, originates on sacrum and inserts on greater trochanter sciatic nerve |
| external rotators | piriformis, gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, sartorius, and TFL |
| condyles | rounded articular surfaces, demur meets tibia at medial and lateral condyles |
| fibula head | articulates with tibia outside knee joint capsule |
| medial and lateral malleolus | helps stabilize joint at the ankle |
| knee joints | tibiofemoral (lateral and medial), demorpatellar joint |
| tibiofemoral joint | synovial, bicondylar joint between distal femur and proximal tibia |
| patellofemoral joint | planar joint between patella and anterior femur |
| menisci | cartilage that absorbs shock in joints, important for standing and posture, helps femur spin and lock in knee at full extension |
| proximal tibiofibular joint | gliding (planar) synovial joint, relieve stress from the ankle |
| distal tibiofibular joint | synathrotic, fibrous syndesmosis |
| interosseous membrane | between fibula and tibula, anchors leg bones to one another |
| knee extenders | quadriceps femoris: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius |
| vastus lateralis, medialis, and intermedius | originate on the femur and insertion at the tibial tuberosity |
| knee flexors | hamstring group, Sartorius, gracilis, and gastrocnemius |
| gastrocnemius | muscle of the calf for ankle planter, originates at distal femur and inserts on calcaneus (heel) at achilles tendon |
| ankle and toe flexors | plantar flexion (down) gastrocnemius and soleus deep) |
| Lateral plantar flexion | fibularis longus and fibularis brevis, originate on fibula, tendons that cross malleolus |
| medial plantar flexion | tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallucis longus |
| ankle and toe extensors (dorsiflexors) | tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, and extensor hallucis longus |
| fibularis brevis | inserts on 5th metatarsal (dorsal surface) |
| fibularis longus | inserts on the 1st metatarsals and medial cuneiform (plantar) |
| tibialis posterior | deepest tissue, attaches on posterior proximal tibia and fibula and insets onto tarsals and metatarsals |
| flexor digitorum longus | tendons under foot to phalanges 2-5, originates on lower tibia, flexes toes |
| flexor hallucis longus | attaches on fibula and inserts on big toe, flexes big toe |
| tibialis anterior | prime dorsiflexor of foot, originates on anterior tibial shaft and inserts on medial foot (when lifting foot) |
| extensor digitorum longus | originates more laterally on tibias anterior and inserts on digits 2-5, extends toes |
| extensor hallucis longus | originates on fibula and inserts on distal part of big toe, extends big toe |
| Knee joints classifications | Diathrotic Synovial, bicondylar, gliding |
| Knee ligaments | Fibular (lateral) collateral, Tibia (medial) collateral, popliteal, posterior and anterior cruciate, and medial/lateral menisci |
| Anterior cruciate ligament | connects femur and tibia in the center of knee, limits rotation and forward motion of tibia |
| Femur, Patella, Tibia | thighbone, kneecap, and shinbone |
| Medial collateral ligament | runs inside the knee joint, connects femur and tibia and limits sideways motion of the knee |
| Posterior cruciate ligament | limits backward motion of tibia |
| Synergist of gluteus maximus in lateral rotation | piriformis |
| Can act as thigh adductor and weak leg flexor | gracilis |
| Antagonist to gluteus maximus and piriformis | tensor fasciae latae |
| synergists in thigh abduction | gluteus maxims and tensor fasciae latae |
| synergists in thigh abduction and medial rotation | gluteus medius and minimus |
| Iliotibial tract | thick band pf fascia running from lateral thigh to proximal lateral tibia |
| proximal tarsals | calcaneus (heel) and talus |
| intermediate tarsal | navicular |
| distal tarsals | cuboid, lateral, intermediate, and medial cuneiform |
Created by:
yasmeenhales
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