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Anatomy Final prep
Question | Answer |
---|---|
The process of the digestion of food is an example of which type of reaction? | Decomposition |
An example of a catabolic process is: | hydrolysis. |
AB + CD → AD + CB is an example of a(n) _____ reaction. | exchange |
In the presence of a base, red litmus paper will: | turn blue. |
Which of the following represents a trace element in the body? | Iron |
When atoms combine, they may gain, lose, or share: | electrons. |
An ionic bond is formed by: | a positive and a negative ion attracting each other. |
Acids: | are proton donors, taste sour, and release hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution |
Carbon has an atomic number of 6. The number of electrons found in the first shell is: | two. |
The formation of sucrose involves the removal of a molecule of water. This is called: | dehydration synthesis. |
The study of metabolism includes examination of: | catabolism, anabolism, and ATP requirements |
The octet rule refers to the: | stability of the atom when there are eight electrons in the outermost energy level. |
The type of reaction in which substances are combined to form more complex substances is called a(n) _____ reaction. | synthesis |
A solution that contains a greater concentration of hydroxide ions (OH–) than hydrogen ions (H+) is a(n) _____ solution. | alkaline (basic) |
Which of the following bonds are the weakest? | Hydrogen |
Which of the following is not one of the major elements present in the human body? | Zinc |
Substances that accept hydrogen ions are called: | bases. |
An isotope of an element contains different numbers of ____ from other atoms of the same element. | neutrons |
The hydrogen isotope tritium consists of: | one proton and two neutrons. |
An example of a catabolic process is: | hydrolysis. |
Atomic mass is determined by the number of: | protons and neutrons. |
The atomic number of carbon is 6. How many unpaired electrons are in its outer shell? | Four |
An example of an element would be: | Ne. |
Approximately what percentage of the body weight of an adult female is water? | 50% |
A negatively charged subatomic particle that moves around the nucleus is a(n): | electron |
The kind of element is determined by the number of: | protons. |
The approximate pH of gastric fluid is: | 2 |
As the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) increases, the: | solution becomes more acidic |
A magnesium atom has an atomic number of 12, an atomic mass of 25, and a +2 charge. This atom would contain _____ protons, _____ neutrons, and _____ electrons. | 12; 13; 10 |
Which of the following represents properties of water? | high specific heat, high heat of vaporization, and strong polarity |
The most abundant and important compound(s) in the body is(are): | water |
Which of the following elements is least likely to combine with another element? Helium, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon? | Helium |
The fundamental organizational unit of life is the: | cell |
A list of the cell fibers from largest to smallest would read: | microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments. |
Which of the following is not true about ribosomes? | Surrounded by a membrane structure |
Skin cells (epithelial) are held tightly together by: | desmosomes. |
The ____ is often called the microtubule organizing center. | centrosome |
Function of the integral membrane proteins: | act as receptors, signal transduction, and are able to identify "self" |
The presence of which substance in the cell membrane keeps it from breaking too easily? | Cholesterol |
The structure in cells that is associated with the enzymatic breakdown (digestion) of foreign material is the: | lysosome |
The identification function of the cell membrane is carried out by the: | glycoprotein molecules |
The barrier function of the plasma membrane is accomplished by the: | phospholipid bilayer. |
Damage to the centrosome and centrioles in a cell would have the greatest impact on which cell function? | Cell division |
Which of the following is not a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? | Provides a site for ribosome attachment |
Describe a structure or function of the proteasome: | breaks down abnormal and misfolded proteins released from the ER, looks like a solid protein drum made of protein subunits, and requires the small protein called ubiquitin to pull proteins in |
Rafts are stiff groupings of membrane molecules that: | help organize the various components of the plasma membrane, play an important role in pinching of a parent cell into two daughter cells, and sometimes allow the cell to form depressions that form a means of carrying proteins into the cell |
The largest human cell, measuring about 150 μm, is a: | female sex cell or ovum |
A specialized cell structure that propels the sperm is the: | flagellum |
Main cell structures do not include | interstitial fluid |
Which organelles consist of vesicles that have pinched off from the Golgi apparatus? | lysosomes |
Projections from the cell that move materials and mucus are called: | cilia |
The inner membrane of what double-membrane structure is contorted into folds called cristae? | mitochondrion |
The nucleolus is composed chiefly of: | rRNA |
The membranous structure containing substances that protect the cell from harm are: | lysosomes and peroxisomes |
The enzyme catalase is an important chemical in the functioning of the: | peroxisomes |
Which organelle processes and packages material to be secreted? | golgi apparatus |
The cell extension that contains microfilaments is called: | microvilli |
ATP production occurs within which organelle? | Mitochondrion |
Which of the following organelles is considered a nonmembranous organelle? | ribosome |
DNA is a major constituent of which cell organelle? | nucleus |
Granules or threads within the nucleus are called: | chromatin |
The cell extension that assists epithelial cells in absorption is called: | microvilli |
Which of the following is not true of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? | It makes lipids and carbohydrates. |
In the cell membrane, the hydrophilic part of the phospholipid molecule: | faces both the interior and the exterior of the cell |
Which cell fiber serves as part of our “cellular muscles?” | microfilament |
Which cell extension lacks a central pair of microtubules, is not found in blood cells, and functions in the kidney to monitor urine flow? | primary cilium |
Which of the following recognize and destroy nonself cells? | immune cells |