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CLA 169 Exam 3
Question | Answer |
---|---|
List the vitamin k-dependent coagulation factors | 2,7,9,10 |
Describe the clinical symptoms of hemophilia A and hemophilia B | Bleeding into the joints, bruising, pain and swelling |
Discuss conditions that contribute to DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation) | Crushing injuries, Rickets, Drug reactions |
Name four naturally occuring inhibitors to coagulation | S(Protien S), A(antithrombin lll), T(tissue factor), Z(protien Z) |
What is the function of plasmin | Plasmin acts to dissolve clots |
When is the ACT (activated clotting time) test performed | during heparin therapy |
What is measured in the ACT (activated clotting time) test | How long it takes for blood to clot |
What reagents are used in the ACT (activated clotting time) test | an ACT cartridge |
Define activated clotting time and heparin | During heparin therapy the ACT is performed to monitor heparin therapy. |
Explain how a manual prothrombin time is performed | Reagents are warmed in seperate tubes and then combined |
List three ways of reporting prothrombin time | S(seconds), I(INR), R(ratio) |
What type and concentration of anticoagulant is used to collect blood for a prothrombin time | 3.2% Sodium citrate 9 parts blood to 1 part sodium citrate |
Name two uses of the APTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) | Monitor heparin therapy and screen for functioning coagulation |
List two coagulation factors not measured by the APTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) | 7, 13 |
Define APTT and PTT | Measured the time that it takes for blood to clot using the liquid portion of thromboplastin |
What protein activates fibrinogen to begin clot formation | thrombin |
Name three possible causes of DIC (disseminated intervascular coagulation) | S(surgery), I(infection), C(cancer) |
Describe two test methods for D-dimers | Rapid manual and point of care |
What D-dimer test result would be expected in a patient who has DVT (deep vein thrombosis) | Significant increase |
What are the differences between humoral and cell-mediated immunity | Humoral uses B lymphocytes to create antibodies and Cell-mediated uses T lymphocytes to create antibodies |
What are the three characteristics of specific immunity | M(memory), R(recognition), S(specificity) |
What type of immunity is most commonly develops from vaccinations | humoral |
Name the five classes of immunoglobulins | MADGE |
What is the most abundant immunoglobulin | G |
What are RFs(rheumatoid factors) | They are autoantibodies that attack their own tissue |
What hormone is detected in pregnancy tests and where is it produced at | hCG is produced from the placenta |
What specimen is used for a quantitative pregnancy test and why | Plasma is used because it is more accurate |
What is the effect of aspirin on platelets | inhibits platlet agglutination |