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Unit 8
Judicial Court System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Jurisdiction | authority to hear (try) a case |
| Original Jurisdiction | authority to hear (try) a case for the FIRST TIME |
| Appellate Jurisdicition | authority to review a decision of a lower court |
| Felony | serious crime |
| Misdemeanor | smaller, less serious crime or offense |
| Jury | group of usually 12 who listen to a court case and based on evidence decide guilt or innocence |
| Appeal | after a case has been tried (heard) by a judge or jury, the process of applying to a higher court for a reversal of a decision |
| Judicial Review | power of the national Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional |
| Marbury v. Madison | 1803 Supreme Court case that established Judicial Review |
| Plaintiff | person who brings or initiates (starts) the charges against someone else in a court of law |
| Defendant | person who is being accused of something in a court of law |
| Arraignment | first court appearance where the defendant is formally or officially charged with the crime(s) |
| Indict | the act of formally accusing or charging someone with a crime |
| Trial | Formal setting to hear evidence and determine guilt or innocence. |
| Magistrate | lower judge that issues arrest warrants, search warrants, and tries minor criminal cases |
| Bail | Temporary release from prison, often times paying money to do so |
| Probable Cause | reason(s) to believe a person is involved in a crime |
| Attorney | lawyer, person who argues a cases for someone else in a court of law |
| Plea | a defendants' answer to the following question: Are you guilty or not? |
| Due Process | Right to a fair trial and equal treatment |
| US District Court | Lowest Federal Court, can have judge with or without jury |
| US Court of Appeals | Middle Federal Court, judge no jury and appellate jurisdiction |
| US Supreme Court | Highest Federal Court, 9 justices |
| US Supreme Court | Federal court that has appellate and limited original jurisdiction |
| Limited Original Jurisdiction | Type of jurisdiction the US Supreme Court has when dealing with diplomats or ambassadors |
| Nine | number of Justices on the US Supreme Court |
| Magistrate | Lower judges that issues warrants, bonds, summonses, subpoenas, and search warrants |
| General District Court | In VA State Courts, the lowest court with a judge, no jury-Original Jurisdiction for misdemeanors and civil cases of lower dollar amounts |
| Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court | In VA State Courts, the lowest court with a judge, no jury- Original jurisdiction in family cases and involvement of children under the age of 18 |
| Circuit Court | In VA State Courts, the middle court with a judge and/or a jury that has Original Jurisdiction for felony cases and civil cases involving higher dollar amounts |
| Court of Appeals of Virginia | In VA State Courts, the middle court with judges only with appellate jurisdiction from Circuit Courts |
| Virginia Supreme Court | In VA State Courts, the top cout with 7 Justices, no jury- appellate jurisdiction and limited original jurisdiction |
| Judicial | Branch of government that has judicial review |
| Supreme Law | The United States Constitution is the __________ ______ of the land! |
| Criminal | type of case where a court determines whether a person accused of breaking the law is guilty or not guilty |
| Arrested | After a person has been accused of a crime and police have probable cause, they may be ________. |
| Felony | In this type of case, a preliminary hearing is conducted to see if there is probable cause. Felony or Misdemeanor? |
| Misdemeanor | In this type of case, there is no preliminary hearing or grand jury. |
| Grand Jury | If probable cause is determined, a _______ ______ will determine if there is enough evidence to indict the accused person. |
| 5th | Amendment that prohibits the NATIONAL GOVERNMENT from violating due process |
| 14th | Amendment that prohibits the STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS from violating due process |
| Bill of Rights | Extended guarantees of due process-These are the first 10 Amendments to the US Constitution. |
Created by:
erin.koger
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