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Endocrine word list
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acromegaly | Enlarged features, particulary the face and hands; caused by hypersecretion of (pituitary) Growth Hormone, after puberty. |
| ACTH | Adrenocortictropic Hormone. |
| Addision's Disease | Chronic disorder of the adrenal glands caused by deficiency of cortical hormones. |
| Adenoma | Tumour of a gland |
| ADH | Antidiuretic Hormone -Vasopressin: promotes reabsorption of water in the kidneys. |
| Adrenal Cortex | Outer section of the adrenal gland which secretes steriods. |
| Adrenalectomy | Surgical excision of an adrenal gland. |
| Adrenal Glands | Two bean-shaped glands situated on top of the kidneys which sectrete steriod and sex hormone. |
| Adrenal Medulla | Inner section of the adrenal gland which secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine. |
| Aldosterone | Steriod produced in the adrenal cortex. Is essential to life. Maintains sodium and potassium levels. |
| Atrophy | Lack of development. |
| Cortisol | A gluccorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex. |
| Cushing's syndrome | Disorder caused by hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex, resulting in excessive production of steriods. |
| Diabetes Insipidus | Disorder more common in the young, caused by inadequate secretion of the andidiuretic hormone, which causes excessive thirst and excessive secretion of urine. |
| Diabetes Mellitus | A common pancreatic disorder involving insulin sectretion into the blood, either in too much or too little quantities. |
| Diuresis | Increased excretion of urine. |
| Dwarfism | A condition of being abnomally small; may be hereditary or an endocrine dysfunction. |
| Endocrinology | The study of ductless glands, their secretions, and their function of homeostasis. |
| Epinephrine | Adrenaline -produced in the adrenal medualla. Increases heart rate, fat metabolism for energy, and dilates the bronchial tubes. |
| Exophthalmos | Protrusion of eyes due to swelling in tissues; often associated with Grave's Disease. |
| FBS | Fasting Blood Sugar. |
| FSH | Follicle Stimulating Hormone. |
| GH | Growth Hormone. Also known as PGH. |
| Gigantism | Abnormal overgrowth of the entire body caused by hypersecretion of Pituitary Growth Hormone before puberty. |
| Glucogenesis | Formation of glucose from glycogen. |
| Glucagon | Hormone secreted by the pancreas which increases the amount of glucose in the blood. |
| Glucocorticoids | Steriods in the adrenal cortex that influence the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. |
| Glycogen | Substance in which carbohydrates are stored in the liver for future concersion into sugar. |
| Glucose | The most important carbohydrate (sugar) in body metabolism. |
| GLucosuria | Glucose in the urine. |
| Graves' Disease | Disorder of the thyroid-hyperthyroidism. Characterized by abnormal weight loss, muscular weakness, and emotional instability. |
| GTT | Glucose Tolerance Test. |
| HCG | Human Chorionic Gonadotropin |
| HDL | High Density Lipoproteins. |
| Hirsutism | A condition of abnormal hairiness, especially in females. |
| Homeostasis | A state of stable internal environment of the body. |
| Hormones | Secretions of endocrine glands which regulate function of the body (ie. testosterone in males and estrogen in females) |
| Hyperglycemia | Excessive amount of sugar in the blood. |
| Hyperinsulinism | Excessive amount of insulin in the blood-insulin shock. |
| Hypersecretion | Excessive secretion. |
| Hypocalcemia | Abnormally low amount of calcium in the blood. |
| Hypoglycemia | Too little sugar in the blood. |
| Hypogonadism | Under-development of internal secretions of male sex glands |
| Hypokalemia | Extreme depletion of potassium in the blood usually lost in diuresis. |
| Hyposecretion | Inadequate secretion. |
| ICF | Intracecelluar fluid. |
| ICSH | Interstital cell stimulating hormone. |
| Insulin | A hormone secreted by the Islets of Langerhans. Essential for metabolism of blood sugar (glucose). Can also be made synthetically and given by injection. |
| Islets of Langerhans | Clusters of cells in the pancreas which produce insulin and glucagon. |
| ITT | Insulin Tolerance Test. |
| Ketoacidosis | An acute stage of diabetes mellitus characterizes by hypotension and, eventually, coma. |
| LDL | Low Density Lipoproteins. |
| LH | Luteinizing Hormone |
| LTH | Lactogenic Hormone (prolactin) |
| Metabolism | Processes in which substances are broken down or built up during chemical reactions that are necessary to maintain life |
| MSH | Melancoyte Stimulating Hormone, (melanin) |
| Mineralocorticoids | Hormones in the adrenal cortex that regulate water and mineral salts (electrolytes) in the body |
| Norepinephrine | Noradrenaline; produced in the adrenal medulla. Increases blood pressure and constricks vessels |
| NPH | Neutral Protamine Hagedorn -a synthetic insulin |
| Obesity | Excessive Accumluation of fat in the body |
| Oral Hypoglycemics | Medications used to stimulate the pancreas to secrete insulin |
| Pancreas | An organ that contains groups of cells called the Islets and Langerhans which produce endocrine secretions, such as insulin and glucagon |
| Parathyroid | Four seperate glands that are located on the posterior glands surfaces of the lobes of the thyroid gland |
| PGH | Pituitary Growth Hormone |
| Pineal Gland | Pine-cone shaped gland that is attached to the posterior part of the third ventical of the brain which secretes melatonin |
| Pituitary Gland | Hypophysis; pea-shaped gland that is located at the base of the brain |
| Polydipsea | Excessive thrist |
| Polyphagia | A condition of eating abnormally large amounts of food |
| Polyuria | Excessive secretion of urine |
| PHT | Parathyroid Hormone |
| RAIU | Radioactive Iodine uptake test on the thyroid gland |
| Serum Glucose Test | Blood tests to aid in the diagnosis of insulin deficiency |
| Somatotropin | Human growth hormone found in the anterior pituitary lobe |
| Thryroid Echogram | Ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland |
| Thyroidectomy | Surgical excision of the thyroid gland |
| Thryotoxixc | Thyroid poisoning |
| Thyroxine (T4) | One of the two major hormones produced by the thyroid. Regulates metabolism and energy levels |
| Thriiodothyronine (T3) | One of the two major hormones produced, stored and released by the thyroid gland |
| TSH | Thyroid Stimulating Hormone |
Created by:
nparsons
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