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USG Chapter 9

QuestionAnswer
The objective for this chapter: I will analyze factors affecting the political process and their role in government, including the role of political parties, interest groups, mass media, public opinion, and campaign funding
the aggregation of views shared by a segment of society on issues of interest or concern to people public opinion
the choices the government makes and the actions it takes in response to a particular issue or problem public policy
the process by which people acquire political beliefs political socialization
any means of communication that provides information to a large audience, including magazines, radio, television news, and news on the Web mass media
information designed to shape public opinion propaganda
a survey of people scientifically selected to provide opinions about something poll
the group of people who take part in a poll sample
a poll’s margin of error, or uncertainty level sampling error
errors introduced by polling methods that lead to one outcome over others bias
freedom from bias and outside factors that may influence the results of a poll objectivity
a survey of a randomly selected fraction of voters after they have voted exit poll
an organization of people with common interests that tries to influence government and its policies special interest group
an organization created to raise and contribute money legally to the campaigns of political candidates political action committee (PAC)
a business group that represents certain industries or parts of industries trade association
organizations of workers who do the same job or work in related industries labor unions
to publicly declare support for a particular candidate in an election endorse
contacting a public official to persuade the official to support the group’s interests lobbying
the lowest level of an organization or society grass roots
organized group that seeks to win elections in order to influence the activities of government political party
the difference in political views held by the different political parties political spectrum
the process of naming candidates for elective office nomination process
the body of people entitled to vote electorate
a system of government in which a single political party controls government one-party system
a system of government in which two political parties compete for control of the government two-party system
a system of government in which several political parties compete for control of the government multiparty system
any political party in a two-party system besides the two major ones third party
a candidate who is not associated with any political party independent candidate
the smallest unit of area for administering elections and local voting precinct
a voting district made up of several precincts ward
money that is donated to an individual campaign hard money
money that is given to a political party rather than to a specific candidate soft money
political candidates who announce that they are running for office and ask voters to write in their names on the ballot write-in candidates
a meeting of all the House members from a particular party held to elect party officers party caucus
a primary, or first, election in which the party’s candidate for office is chosen directly by voters direct primary
a primary election in which only voters registered as party members can vote in selecting that party’s candidates closed primary
a primary election in which any registered voter may vote in either party’s primary election open primary
when a candidate in an election has more votes than any other candidate plurality
a ballot submitted on or before election day by a voter who cannot be present on election day absentee ballot
A newspaper’s investigative series exposing corruption in a public agency would be an example of how the mass media might help determine the public agenda.
The purpose of exit polls is to predict election results before polls close.
What is a goal common to all interest groups? influencing public policy
What is the relationship between interest groups and political action committees? Many interest groups have political action committees to support candidates for office.
An interest group that wants to contribute to candidates for Congress would most likely form a political action committee.
In what way would the National Organization for Women most likely differ from the U.S. Chamber of Commerce? representing a societal rather than business group
An interest group that endorses a candidate is asking voters to elect the candidate.
A significant difference between political parties and interest groups is that the main goal of political parties is to elect their members to public office.
What party system is the most common party system? multiparty
What is the origin of the today’s two major U.S. political parties? a party split
In our two-party system, each major party tries to appeal to as broad a base as possible.
How does the fact that parties provide a political “brand name” help a political party? Voters may vote for an unknown candidate because they support the party’s views
Compared with political parties in multiparty systems, what are parties in our two-party system more likely to do? lack party unity
In a local election that uses nomination by petition, a candidate would be required to collect the signatures of a certain number of qualified voters.
A meeting of party members to endorse candidates for office and select delegates is called a caucus
How has the nominating process changed since the 1890s? Voters have gained a greater voice
The main task of a national nominating convention is to choose a party’s candidate for president.
What takes place on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November of all even-numbered years? congressional election
A common criticism of election campaigns is that they are too negative
Created by: kdjones216a1
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