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USG Chapter 9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The objective for this chapter: I will analyze factors affecting the political process and their role in government, including the role of | political parties, interest groups, mass media, public opinion, and campaign funding |
| the aggregation of views shared by a segment of society on issues of interest or concern to people | public opinion |
| the choices the government makes and the actions it takes in response to a particular issue or problem | public policy |
| the process by which people acquire political beliefs | political socialization |
| any means of communication that provides information to a large audience, including magazines, radio, television news, and news on the Web | mass media |
| information designed to shape public opinion | propaganda |
| a survey of people scientifically selected to provide opinions about something | poll |
| the group of people who take part in a poll | sample |
| a poll’s margin of error, or uncertainty level | sampling error |
| errors introduced by polling methods that lead to one outcome over others | bias |
| freedom from bias and outside factors that may influence the results of a poll | objectivity |
| a survey of a randomly selected fraction of voters after they have voted | exit poll |
| an organization of people with common interests that tries to influence government and its policies | special interest group |
| an organization created to raise and contribute money legally to the campaigns of political candidates | political action committee (PAC) |
| a business group that represents certain industries or parts of industries | trade association |
| organizations of workers who do the same job or work in related industries | labor unions |
| to publicly declare support for a particular candidate in an election | endorse |
| contacting a public official to persuade the official to support the group’s interests | lobbying |
| the lowest level of an organization or society | grass roots |
| organized group that seeks to win elections in order to influence the activities of government | political party |
| the difference in political views held by the different political parties | political spectrum |
| the process of naming candidates for elective office | nomination process |
| the body of people entitled to vote | electorate |
| a system of government in which a single political party controls government | one-party system |
| a system of government in which two political parties compete for control of the government | two-party system |
| a system of government in which several political parties compete for control of the government | multiparty system |
| any political party in a two-party system besides the two major ones | third party |
| a candidate who is not associated with any political party | independent candidate |
| the smallest unit of area for administering elections and local voting | precinct |
| a voting district made up of several precincts | ward |
| money that is donated to an individual campaign | hard money |
| money that is given to a political party rather than to a specific candidate | soft money |
| political candidates who announce that they are running for office and ask voters to write in their names on the ballot | write-in candidates |
| a meeting of all the House members from a particular party held to elect party officers | party caucus |
| a primary, or first, election in which the party’s candidate for office is chosen directly by voters | direct primary |
| a primary election in which only voters registered as party members can vote in selecting that party’s candidates | closed primary |
| a primary election in which any registered voter may vote in either party’s primary election | open primary |
| when a candidate in an election has more votes than any other candidate | plurality |
| a ballot submitted on or before election day by a voter who cannot be present on election day | absentee ballot |
| A newspaper’s investigative series exposing corruption in a public agency would be an example of how the mass media might | help determine the public agenda. |
| The purpose of exit polls is to | predict election results before polls close. |
| What is a goal common to all interest groups? | influencing public policy |
| What is the relationship between interest groups and political action committees? | Many interest groups have political action committees to support candidates for office. |
| An interest group that wants to contribute to candidates for Congress would most likely | form a political action committee. |
| In what way would the National Organization for Women most likely differ from the U.S. Chamber of Commerce? | representing a societal rather than business group |
| An interest group that endorses a candidate is | asking voters to elect the candidate. |
| A significant difference between political parties and interest groups is that | the main goal of political parties is to elect their members to public office. |
| What party system is the most common party system? | multiparty |
| What is the origin of the today’s two major U.S. political parties? | a party split |
| In our two-party system, each major party tries to | appeal to as broad a base as possible. |
| How does the fact that parties provide a political “brand name” help a political party? | Voters may vote for an unknown candidate because they support the party’s views |
| Compared with political parties in multiparty systems, what are parties in our two-party system more likely to do? | lack party unity |
| In a local election that uses nomination by petition, a candidate would be required to | collect the signatures of a certain number of qualified voters. |
| A meeting of party members to endorse candidates for office and select delegates is called a | caucus |
| How has the nominating process changed since the 1890s? | Voters have gained a greater voice |
| The main task of a national nominating convention is to | choose a party’s candidate for president. |
| What takes place on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November of all even-numbered years? | congressional election |
| A common criticism of election campaigns is that they are too | negative |
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