Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Ch. 5: Integumentary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the organs in the system | Skin, skin appendages |
| What are the layers found in the skin? | Epidermis: Dermis: 2 types: Avascular Hypodermis |
| Epidermis | Stratified (lots) squamous (flat) layer Dermis: 80% of skin, 2 types: Thin and thick Avascular: no blood vessels, fed by diffusion Hypodermis: subcutaneous layer, not part of the kin |
| Dermis | 80% of skin, |
| 2 types of skin | Thin and thick |
| avacular | no blood vessels, fed by diffusion |
| hypodermis | subcutaneous layer, not part of the kin |
| What is the structure of skin? | Epidermis – keratinized, stratified, squamous epithelium |
| What are the types of cells found in the epidermis? | 4 types of cells Melanocytes Keratinocytes Touch receptors(Merkel disc) Dendritic cell |
| Melanocytes | deepest layer, synthesize melanin protects nucleus from UV rays move along cell process melanin made by melanosomes |
| Keratinocytes | Keratinocytes: make keratin=intermediate filaments Connected by desmosomes Divided rapidly, die and rub off New skin ~30 days |
| Touch receptors (Merkel cells) | sensory nerve ending Tactile cell and touch disc |
| Dendritic cell | langer’s cell Type of macrophages Phagocytic immune cell Form bone marrow |
| What are the layers of cells in the epidermis (deep-superficial) | 5 layers Stratum Basale Stratum Spinosum Stratum grandulosum Stratum Lucidum Stratum Corneum |
| Stratum Basale | (stratum germinatiuum) Single row Rapidly dividing cells 20% melanocytes Few tactile receptors |
| Stratum Spinosum | (prickly) 2-3 rows of cells Several layers thick Dendritic cells Looks spiked when fixed |
| Stratum Granulosum | Granular layer 1-5 layers Cells flatten Contains Grandules and glycolipids Fill with keratin keratinhyline → crosslinks keratin Melane breaks down Release inter extracellular space→ waterproofing |
| Stratum Lucidum | Thick skin only 2-3 rows/layers Clear, flat dead keratinocytes “Clear layer” |
| Stratum Corneum | 20-30 layers of cells apoptosis - annulated and flat ⅔ of epidermal thickness Cells flake off Glycolipids (waterproof) Keratin + plasma membranes- protect from abrasion |
| What are the structures of the Dermis? | Cells: Matrix: Dermal Layers: Dermal ridges: Reticular layer: Hypodermis: |
| Cells (dermis) | Fibroblasts: make fibers Macrophages: dispose of dead cells + foreign invaders Misc. cells: WBCs, mast cells |
| Matrix | Ground substance- semi fluid Fibers- collagen, elastin, reticular Lots of blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerves |
| Dermal Layer | 2 layers → papillary and reticular |
| Dermal ridges | part of papillary Epidermal ridges “Fingerprints” |
| Reticular layer | dense irregular CT 80% Nourished by cutaneous plexus Cleavage lines - less dense CT, heals better Flexure lines - dermal fold near joints, skin attaches Lamellar (Pacinian, lamellated) corpuscles - pressure |
| Hypodermis | Subcutaneous, superficial fascia (not part of skin) Areolar CT Adipose- shock absorber, gain weight |
| Dermis HI | Blister: separation of dermis + epidermis by fluid Striate: dermal tearing, caused → skin stretches, leaves scars |
| What are the substances that contribute to skin color? | Carotene Melanin Hemoglobin |
| Carotene: | yellow/orange pigment accumulate in stratum corneum + hypodermis, convert into vit. a |
| Melanin: | polymer of tyrosine Reddish yellow → brownish black Variations: all same # of melanocytes Variations is caused by type of melanin, amount made + retain Freckles + moles = accumulation of melanin |
| Hemoglobin: | in dermal capillaries = “pinkish hue” |
| Skin Color HI | Main factor: Sun Cause DNA damage → melanocytes make more melanosomes - protect the nucleus from UV Sun damage Damage DNA → cancer Clumps elastin → leathery skin |
| What are the structures of Hair and hair follicle | Shaft: Root Layers Medulla: large cells, air spaces, soft keratin Cortex: several layers of flat cells Cuticle: single layer of overlapping cells, hard keratin → wears off + split ends |
| 2 types of hair | Vellus: fine body hair of women + kids - has no medulla Terminal - coarser, darker scalp , eyebrow Post puberty: male body, axilla and pubic hair |
| growth cycles | Active phase= eyebrow ~ 3 months, scalp ~ 6-10 yrs Regressive phase= matrix dies, hair falls out, lose ~90/day Resting phase = 1-3 months, new hair forms Hair has limited # of cycles w/ age → thinning w/ age terminal hair replaced with vellus |
| Male pattern baldness | Sex-linked, genetic |
| Hair HI | Hirsutism Excessive hair growth Due to excess androgens |
| What are the parts of a nail? | Free edge Body – hard keratin Root Bed Matrix Lunule Eponychium Hyponychium |
| What types of glands are found in the skin? | Sweat glands = sudoriferous Apocrine glands Ceruminous glands – make cerumen Mammary glands Sebaceous glands |
| Sweat glands | sudoriferous 2 modified 3 million, except lips + parts of genital Eccrine glands apocrine glands |
| Apocrine glands | 2,000 Axillary & genital Open into hair follicle Sweat, fats & proteins (+ bacteria = body odor) → viscous yellowish, odorless until acted on by bacteria (BO), start functioning at puberty due to testosterone, Acted by SNS |
| Ceruminous glands | make cerumen = earwax, deter insects |
| Mammary glands | secret milk |
| Sebaceous glands | -oil glands Secrete sebum – oils + cell fragments into hair follicle Lubricates hair and skin Slows water loss Kills bacteria Release stimulated by testosterone Not found in thick skin |
| What are the functions of the integumentary system? | Protection Chemical barrier |
| What happens when things go wrong? | Skin Cancer Benign tumor – wart, callus Malignant Burns |
| What are the developmental aspects of skin? | Embryology: 3 germ layers Ectoderm: nervous system epidermis Mesoderm: dermis + hypodermis Endoderm: get, rerp. |
| What happens in aging? | skin thin increase in bruising, dry itchy Elastic fibers clump Collagen stiffens Decrease in subcutaneous fat All contribute to wrinkles Hair: thins |
| What is in papillary layer? | areolar CT Dermal papillae Capillary loops Free nerve endings - pain Tactile (Meissner's) corpuscles - touch Dermal ridges Epidermal ridges “Fingerprints” |
| Hair is not located | Thick skin, nipples, parts of genitals |
Created by:
luna.bean
Popular Anatomy sets