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Cell Organization
Anatomy and Physiology - Cell organization
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Three main parts of a cell? | Plasma (cell) Membrane Cytoplasm: cytosol, organelles, cytoskeleton Nucleus: DNA, Nucleolus |
| What is a pore where specific ions can flow to get across the membrane? | Ion channel (Integral) |
| Transports a specific substance by undergoing a change in shape? | Carrier aka Transporters (Integral) |
| What recognizes ligands (chemicals) and alter's the cell function? | Receptors (Integral) |
| Two types of membrane proteins? | Integral proteins and Peripheral proteins |
| What relates to how a solution influences the shape of the body cell? | Tonicity |
| what solution has equal concentration of solvent and solute concentration? | Isotonic |
| Higher solute concentration | Hypertonic |
| Lower solute concentration | Hypotonic |
| The net movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane. From an area of HIGH water concentration to a LOWER water concentration. | Osmosis |
| Pressure that would prevent water movement. It is proportional to solute concentration. i.e solute increases ____ | Osmotic pressure |
| A diffusion where trans-membrane proteins HELP solutes that are too polar/high charged to move down their concentration and cell membrane. | Facilitated Diffusion |
| Occurs when particles cross membranes DOWN their concentration gradient without the help of membrane protein. eg. LIPID soluble particles (can go right through the membrane). | Simple Diffusion |
| The tendency of particles to scatter evenly throughout the environment due to the particles OWN kinetic energy | Diffusion |
| What are the 3 types of Diffusion | Simple diffusion, Channel-mediated, and Carrier-mediated |
| Passive transport processes that move substance across the membrane are? (no ATP input needed) | Simple diffusion, Facilitated diffusion, and Osmosis |
| Active transport processes (cell inputs ATP) | Active transport and Vesicular transport |
| Catalyzes reaction inside or outside cell. | Enzyme (integral and peripheral) |
| Anchor filaments inside and outside the plasma membrane. Providing structural stability and shape for the cell. | Linker (integral and peripheral) |
| Distinguishes your cells from anyone else's. | Cell identity maker (glycoprotein) |
| Serves to stabilize the membrane and reduce membrane fluidity. | Cholesterol |
| Part of the "sugar coating" of cells-serve as biological markers so cells can recognize each other. | Glycolipids/proteins |
| Act as a barrier to the entry/exit of most water soluble substances. | Phospholipids |
| Energy derived from ATP changes the shape of a transporter protein which pumps substance across a plasma membrane AGAINST its concentration gradient. | Active Transport |
| A vesicle is a small membranous sac formed by budding off an existing membrane. Allows large molecules to enter/exit cells. Requires the cell to use ATP | Vesicular Transport |
| A process where particles move into the cells in vesicles | Endocytosis |
| Type of endocytosis where it takes in larger substances (cell eating) i.e WBC eating a bacteria. | Phagocytosis |
| Type of endocytosis where it takes in fluids and solute (cell drinking) i.e intestinal cells when absorbing nutrients. | Pinocytosis |
| Process where particles move OUT of the cells in vesicles Secretory vesicles fuse with the cell membrane and release their contents into the extracellular fluid. | Exocytosis |
| The intracellular fluid portion of the cytoplasm. | Cytosol |
| The specialized structures that have specific shapes and perform specific functions. | Organelles |
| Most prominent feature of the cell consisting of a nuclear envelope with pores, nucleolus (RIBOSOME synthesis) and DNA. | Nucleus |
| The nucleus contains the cell’s hereditary units called? | Genes (arranged in chromosomes) |
| In a non-dividing cell the genetic material appears as a diffuse granular mass called | Chromatin |
| An exact copy of DNA is made in preparation for? | Cell division |
| Helix unwinds, one section at a time, catalyzed by | Helicase |
| Each exposed nucleotide is paired with a complementary nucleotide, catalyzed by the enzyme? | DNA Polymerase |
| What are the 4 nitrogenous bases of DNA? | Adenine <-> Thymine Guanine <-> Cytosine |
| Single strand of nucleotides. (Contains Uracil instead of Thymine) | RNA (ribonucleic acid) |
| Directs the synthesis of a protein (RNA) | Messenger RNA (mRNA) |
| Joins with proteins to make ribosomes (RNA) | Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) |
| Brings an amino acid to the ribosome so it can be incorporated into a protein (RNA) | Transfer RNA (tRNA) |
| What do genes code for? | RNA (which are necessary to make proteins) |
| Nucleotide set for DNA | Base triplet (e.g T-A-C) |
| Nucleotide set for mRNA | Codon (e.g A-U-G) |
| Nucleotide set for tRNA | Anticodon (e.g U-A-C) |
| Occurs in the nucleus and is the process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is copied onto a strand of mRNA. Catalyzed by the enzyme RNA polymerase. | Transcription |
| Occurs in the cytoplasm at RIBOSOMES and is the process of reading the mRNA nucleotide sequence to determine the amino acid sequence of a new protein. | Translation |
Created by:
aest12
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