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Anatomy & Physiology
cell parts
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Nucleus | Organelle which contains DNA, which is the instructions for making proteins in a cell |
| Chromatin | The "working" form of DNA in which the molecule is uncoiled and spread out |
| Nuclear Envelope | A membrane that separates nuclear contents from the cytoplasm |
| Nucleolus | A dense region that contains RNA and proteins; it is the site where ribosomes are made |
| Ribosomes | Provides structure and enzymes for the process of protein synthesis (protein synthesis= manufacturing proteins) |
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | A system of connected membranes. Many ribosomes use this membrane as a platform for protein synthesis |
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | A system of connected membranes (no ribosomes). Specialized for synthesizing lipids and carbohydrates |
| Vesicles | A sac that is formed in the cytoplasm for storage or transport of molecules within the cell |
| Golgi body/apparatus | Prepares cellular products to be secreted from the cell |
| MItochondria | Contains enzymes that help transform energy from food molecules into ATP energy molecules that the cell can use (process of cellular respiration) |
| Lysosomes | Contains digestive enzymes; breaks down worn out cell parts, bacteria, etc |
| Peroxisomes | Contains enzymes that help break down hydrogen peroxide and other toxins |
| Cytoskeleton | System of protein tubules and filaments that provides a framework and scaffolding for the cell |
| Centrosome / centriole | Organizes microtubules- particularly during the process of cell division (mitosis and cytokinesis) |
| MIcrovilli | Finger-shaped extensions of the plasma membrane to increase cell surface area to allow greater absorption |
| Cilia | Microscopic hair-like particles on the exposed surfaces of certain epithelial cells |
| Flagella | Relatively long tail-like process extending from a cell that aids in cell movements (in humans only found in sperm cells) |
Created by:
cayla.marie
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