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CP8 Lit Terms 2023
These are all the terms needed to build the foundation for 8th grade English 1.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| exposition | The part of the story that introduces the setting, the characters and the basic situation. |
| rising action | The part of the story where the conflict, or problem is introduced. |
| climax | The turning point or the highest point in the action of the plot. It is the moment of greatest tension. |
| falling action | The part of the story where the conflict lessens. |
| resolution | The story’s conclusion or outcome of the story. |
| theme | The major idea of an entire work of literature. It is always written as a complete sentence. |
| stated theme | A theme expressed directly by the author |
| implied theme | A theme suggested or stated indirectly through what happens to the characters. |
| universal theme | A message about life that is expressed regularly in many different cultures and time periods, also called a recurring theme. |
| conflict | a struggle between opposing forces |
| internal conflict | A struggle that takes place in the mind of a character. The character struggles to make a decision, take an action, or overcome a feeling. |
| external conflict | A struggle with an outside force, such as another person or some force of nature. |
| point of view | The perspective from which a story is told. |
| first person | The story is told from the perspective of a character in the story, and the character uses the first-person pronoun “I”. |
| third person | The story is told from the perspective of a narrator outside the story, and the narrator uses third-person pronouns such as "he" or "she" to refer to the characters. |
| third person limited | A type of third person-point of view where the narrator reveals the inner thoughts and feelings of only one character, and everything is viewed from this character’s perspective. |
| third person omniscient | A type of third person-point of view where the narrator knows about and tells what both the protagonist and antagonist feel, think, and plan to do. |
| irony | The contrast between an actual outcome and what the reader or the characters expect |
| dramatic irony | This occurs when the audience is aware of something that the character or speaker is not. |
| situational irony | This occurs when an event happens that directly contradicts the expectations of the character or the audience. |
| verbal irony | Irony that occurs when a person says the opposite of what is meant. (sarcasm) |
| dynamic character | A character who changes or grows during the course of the work. |
| static character | A character who does NOT change. |
| flat character | A character who is one-sided, showing just a single trait. |
| round character | A character who is fully developed and exhibits many traits. |
| direct characterization | The author directly states a character’s traits. |
| indirect characterization | The author provides clues about a character by describing what a character looks like, does, and says, as well as how other characters react to him or her. |
| author's craft | Any specific techniques an author chooses to relay an intended message. (Ex: the use of figurative language, tone, flashback, imagery, irony, word choice, syntax (sentence structure), dialogue, etc.) |
| dialect | The form of language spoken by people in a particular region or group. |
| flashback | The technique of disrupting the chronological flow of a narrative by interjecting events that have occurred at an earlier time. |
| hyperbole | Overstatement; exaggeration - the figure of speech that is a conscious exaggeration for the purpose of making a point |
| foreshadowing | The use of clues or hints to suggest future action |
| symbol | A person, a place, a thing, or an event that has meaning in itself and stands for something beyond itself |
| motive | A reason that explains a character’s thoughts, feelings, actions or speech. (The reason WHY they do what they do) |
| setting | The time and place where the action in a literary work occurs. |
| tone | The writer’s attitude toward his or her audience and subject. |
| mood | The feeling created in the reader by a literary work or passage, also known as atmosphere. |
| bias | A personal and largely unreasoned judgment either for or against a particular person, position, or thing; a prejudice. |
| epiphany | A character’s sudden flash of insight/understanding into a conflict or situation. An "ah-ha" moment. |
| archetype | A type of character, detail, image, or situation that appears in literature from around the world and throughout history. Hero, villian, traitor, etc. |
| motif | Recurring subjects or ideas that can help to develop and inform the text’s major themes. The “building blocks” or “pieces” of themes. |
| idiom | Expressions used in a special way that are different from their literal meaning. Ex. "hold your horses" |
| paradox | A contradictory statement that has an element of truth. Example, "one must be cruel to be kind" |
| oxymoron | A figure of speech in which two contradictory terms appear side by side |
| allusion | A reference to a well-known person, a place or an event from literature, the arts, history, religion, mythology, politics, sports or science. |
| metaphor | A device of figurative language that compares two unlike objects without using "like" or "as." |
| extended metaphor | A metaphor that is carried throughout the text. |
| simile | A figure of speech that uses “like” or “as” to make a direct comparison between two unlike ideas. |
| personification | A figure of speech giving human qualities to something nonhuman. |
| euphemism | The substitution of a mild and pleasant expression for a harsh and blunt one. |
| imagery | Language that creates a sensory impression within the reader’s mind. Includes visual (eyes), auditory (ears), tactile (touch), thermal (heat or cold), olfactory (smell), gustatory (taste), and kinesthetic (sensations of movement) senses. |
| connotation | The implicit, rather than explicit, meaning of a word, consisting of the suggestions, associations, and emotional overtones attached to a word. The way a word makes you feel--positive, negative, or neutral |
| denotation | The most specific or literal meaning of a word; its dictionary definition. |
| tone shift | When the tone drastically changes in a story. |
Created by:
lfuller123
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