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English 1 Lit Terms

These are all the terms needed to build the foundation for 8th grade English 1.

QuestionAnswer
exposition the part of the story that introduces the setting, the characters, and the basic situation.
rising action The part of the story where the conflict, or problem, is introduced.
climax The turning point or the high point in the action of the plot. It is the moment of greatest tension, when the outcome of the plot hangs in the balance.
falling action The part of the story where the conflict lessens.
resolution The story’s conclusion or outcome of the story.
internal conflict A struggle that takes place in the mind of a character.
external conflict A character struggles with an outside force, such as another person or some force of nature.
dynamic character A character who changes or grows during the course of the work.
static character A character who does not change.
flat character A character who is one-sided, showing just a single trait.
round character A character who is fully developed and exhibits many traits.
direct characterization The author directly states a character’s traits.
indirect characterization An author provides clues about a character by describing what a character looks like, does, and says, as well as how other characters react to him or her.
explicit theme A theme expressed directly by the author.
implicit theme A theme suggested, or stated indirectly through what happens to the characters.
universal theme A message about life that is expressed regularly in many different cultures and time periods, otherwise called a recurring theme.
first person point of view The story is told from the perspective of a character in the story, and the character uses the first-person pronoun “I”.
third person point of view The story is told from the perspective of a narrator outside the story, and the narrator uses third-person pronouns such as he or she to refer to the characters.
third person omniscient point of view A type of third person-point of view where the narrator knows and tells about what each character feels and thinks.
third person limited point of view A type of third person-point of view where the narrator relates to the inner thoughts and feelings of only one character.
dramatic irony Irony that occurs when the audience is aware of something that the character or speaker is not.
situational irony Irony that occurs when something happens that directly contradicts the expectations of the character or the audience.
verbal irony Irony that occurs when a person says the opposite of what is meant. (sarcasm)
allusion A reference to a well-known person, event, place, literary work, or work of art. It connects literary works to a larger cultural heritage.
dialect The form of language spoken by people in a particular region or group.
flashback The technique of disrupting the chronological flow of a narrative by interjecting events that have occurred at an earlier time.
foreshadowing The use of hints or clues in a story to suggest future action, used to build the reader’s expectations and to create suspense.
symbol A person, place, or thing that represents something beyond its literal meaning.
motive A reason that explains or partially explains a character’s thoughts, feelings, actions or speech.
setting The time and place where the action in a literary work occurs.
mood The feeling created in the reader by a literary work or passage, also known as atmosphere.
tone The writer’s attitude toward his or her audience and subject.
bias A personal and largely unreasoned judgment either for or against a particular person, position, or thing; a prejudice.
epiphany A character’s sudden flash of insight into a conflict or situation.
archetype A type of character, detail, image, or situation that appears in literature from around the world and throughout history.
motif Recurring subjects or ideas that can help to develop and inform the text’s major themes. Think of them as the “building blocks” or “pieces” of themes.
connotation The implicit, rather than explicit, meaning of a word, consisting of the suggestions, associations, and emotional overtones attached to a word.
denotation The most specific or literal meaning of a word; its dictionary meaning.
writer's craft The specific techniques that an author chooses to relay an intended message. (Ex: the use of figurative language, tone, flashback, imagery, irony, word choice, syntax (sentence structure), dialogue, etc.)
imagery Language that creates a sensory impression within the reader’s mind. Includes appeals to the visual (eyes), auditory (ears), tactile (touch), thermal (heat or cold), olfactory (smell), gustatory (taste), and kinesthetic (sensations of movement) senses.
euphemism The substitution of a mild and pleasant expression for a harsh and blunt one; a polite way to say something.
hyperbole A dramatic exaggeration or overstatement, either for comic effect or to express heightened emotion.
idiom Expressions that develop in a language, region, community, or class of people that cannot be understood literally. (Ex. Hold your horses.)
metaphor A figure of speech in which something is described as though it were something else without using “like” or “as.”
extended metaphor A figure of speech in which something is described as though it were something else without using “like” or “as,” and this device is carried out throughout the entire text.
simile A figure of speech that uses “like” or “as” to make a direct comparison between two unlike ideas.
oxymoron A figure of speech that places two contradictory words together for a special effect.
paradox A statement that is true even though it seems to be saying two opposite things.
personification A figure of speech giving human qualities to something nonhuman.
Created by: lfuller123
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