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PP1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| anatomy | (ana)up (tomy)process of cutting. is primarily the study of structure and the relationships among structures. |
| physiology | (physio)nature (logy)study of. deals with the functions of body pary-that is, how they work. |
| microscopic anatomy | is the study of the form of normal structures seen under the microscope |
| gross anatomy | structures that can be examined without using a microscope |
| surface anatomy | is a descriptive science dealing with anatomical features that can be studied by sight, without dissecting an organism. |
| CFL | Characteristics, Function and Location |
| 4 types of Macromolecules | Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids |
| 3 MAJOR PHASES OF A CELL CYCLE | I-Interphase M-Mitosis C-Cytokinesis |
| Interphase | cell spends majority of its time and performs majority of its purposes including preparation for cell division. |
| G1 Phase | cell grows and functions normally, a lot of protein synthesis occurs. 8-10 hours. -cell metabolically active;duplicates organelles and cytosolic components;centrosome replication begins. |
| Synthesis | replication of DNA. As a result, the two identical cells formed during cell division will have the same genetic material. last about 2 hours. |
| G2 Phase | cell growth continues. enzymes and other proteins are synthesized;replication of centrosome is completed. last 4-6 hours. |
| micrometer | 0.000001 |
| cell cycle | the process by which cells reproduces themselves. two types are somatic cell division and reproductive cell division. |
| somatic cell division | cell undergoes mitosis and cytokinesis to produce two identical cells, this replaces dead or injured cells and adds new ones during tissue growth. |
| reproductive cell division | mechanism that produces gametes, the cells needed to form the next generation of sexually reproducing organisms. |
| 4 PRIMARY TYPES OF TISSUE | Epithelium Connective Muscle Nervous |
| Epithelium | covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs, body cavities, and ducts; it also forms glands. This tissue allows the body to interact with both its internal and external environments. |
| Connective Tissue | protects and supports the body and its organs. Various types of connective tissue binds organs together, store energy reserves as fat, and help provide immunity to disease-causing organisms. |
| Muscular Tissue | composed of cells specialized for contraction and generation of force.In the process, muscular tissue generate heat that warms the body. *produce movement. |
| Nervous Tissue | detects change in a variety of conditions inside and outside the body and responds by generating nerve impulses that activate muscular contractions and glandular secretions. *allows body to respond, keeps track of everything that is going on in body. |
| Metaphase | the paired up chromatids(sister chromatids) line up at the metaphase plate. |
| Mitosis | Nuclear division; distribution of two sets of chromosomes into separate nuclei. |
| Prophase | chromatin fibers condense into sister chromatids; nucleolus and nuclear envelope disappear; each centrosome moves to an opposite pole of the cell. |
| Anaphase | centromeres split; sister chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell. |
| Telophase | nuclear envelopes and nucleoli reappear; chromosomes resume chromatin form; mitotic spindle disappears. pinching of membrane starts and cleavage furrow develops. |
| Cytokinesis | physical separation into two seperate cells. |
| sister chromatids | identical copies of a chromosome connected by a centromere. |
| chromosomes | composed of DNA and proteins that form a delicate chromatin thread during interphase. |
| M PHASE vs. CYTOKENISIS | the duplicated chromosomes seperate in the M phase while the cells splits in two in cytokinesis. |
| Homeostasis | refers to the body's ability to regulate physiologically its inner environment to ensure its stability in response to fluctuations in the outside environment and the weather. |
| negative feedback | Decreases the deviation to return back to the set point |
| positive feedback | increases the deviation to take you further away from your set point. |
| anterior | nearer to or at the front of the body ex. the nipple is anterior to the heart. |
| posterior | nearer to or at the back of the body. |
| superior | Toward the head, or the upper part of a structure. ex.the heart is superior to the liver |
| inferior | Away from the head. Toward the lower part of a structure. ex.the stomach is inferior to the lungs. |
| proximal | nearer to the attachment of limb to the trunk; nearer to the origination of a structure. ex.My elbow is proximal to my risk |
| distal | farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk; farther from the origination of a structure. ex.My pinky is distal to my elbow. |
| Ipsilateral | same side of the body. My left arm is ipsilateral to my left leg. |
| Contralateral | opposite side of the body. my right arm is contralateral to my left leg. |
| Medial | body part closer to the middle |
| Lateral | farther from the midline |
| Axial Appendicular | middle part legs, arms |
| Caudal Cranial | at or near the tail. located in or involving the skull or cranium. |
| -oblique -transverse -sagittal -frontal | -diagonal -aka horizontal, ex. left ear to right ear -vertical, ex. from nose to belly button -aka coronal, divides body organ into front and back portion. |
| -midsagittal plane (medial plane) -parasagittal | -equal left and right -unequal left and right |
Created by:
charinaisabel
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