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Lung Diseases
MEDOP 230- Pulmonology: Lung Diseases
| Term | Definition | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Abnormal breath sounds | Lung sounds that are different from normal and may indicate a lung disease or condition. | |
| -Normal | soft wind through a tunnel | |
| -Pleural friction rub | creaking or grating | due to inflammation of pleura |
| -Crackles | irregular crackling or bubbling | due to fluid or infection in the alveoli |
| -Rhonchi | humming, whistling, or snoring | due to mucus or foreign body obstruction |
| -Stridor | high-pitched crowing | due to edema or obstruction |
| -Wheezes | high-pitched whistling or squeaking | due to asthma attack or reaction |
| Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) | Serious lung condition caused by severe infection, burns, or lung injury | damaged alveoli fill with fluid and collapse. |
| Atelectasis | Collapse of all or part of the lung. | |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). | Any type of chronic obstructive lung disease, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema | •Due to chronic air pollution or smoking. •Characterized by chronic inflammation, severe coughing, SOB, and sputum production. •Alveolar hyperinflation leads to barrel chest. |
| Cystic fibrosis (CF) | Inherited condition caused by a recessive gene; causes problems with respiratory, digestive, and sweat secretions. | •Mucus secreted is too thick and blocks alveoli. •Constant coughing and bronchiectasis occur. •Lung infections are frequent and lack of oxygen is chronic. |
| Empyema | Localized pus in the lung due to a bacterial infection | |
| Influenza | Respiratory infection caused by a virus. | •Mild forms cause fever, muscle ache, and cough for several days. •Severe forms can be life threatening. |
| Legionnaires’ disease. | Severe, sometimes fatal bacterial infection; starts with flulike symptoms and progresses to severe pneumonia and liver and kidney degradation | |
| Lung cancer | Most common among smokers when tar deposits in the lungs become cancerous and spread. | •Adenocarcinoma •Bronchogenic carcinoma •Large and small cell carcinoma |
| Occupational lung diseases | Group of disease caused by constant workplace exposure to inhaled particles. | •Anthracosis •Asbestosis •Pneumoconiosis |
| Pneumonia | Infection of lobes of the lungs; fluid, white blood cells, and microorganisms fill passages. | •Bacterial •Viral •Double•Aspiration •Bronchopneumonia •Lobar •Panlobar •Pneumococcal •Pneumocystis jiroveci •Walking pneumonia |
| Pulmonary edema | Build up of fluid in the alveoli caused by left-sided heart failure, chest wall trauma, or pneumonia. | |
| Pulmonary embolism | Traveling clot or fat globule that lodges in the lung, blocking blood flow and causing SOB; often occurs in patients on bedrest. | |
| Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) | Severe, communicable viral illness that can be fatal; associated with close contact and enclosed spaces. | |
| Tuberculosis (TB) | Communicable disease that is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. | •Causes nodules (tubercules) in the lungs.•Waxy coating makes bacterium resistant.•Treated with a 9-month course of drugs. |
Created by:
phlebotomystudent
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