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Digestive/Urinary
Vocabulary
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Absorption | Passage of Materials through the walls of the small intestine to the blood stream |
Amino Acid | Small building blocks of proteins and is released when proteins are digested |
Amylase | Enzyme secreted by the pancreas and salivary gland to digest starch |
Anus | Terminal end or opening to the outside of the body |
Appendix | Blind pouch hanging from the cecum |
Bile | Digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder and breaks up large fat Globules composed of bile pigments, cholesterol, and bile salts |
Bilirubin | the pigment found in bile |
Bowel | Intestine |
Canine Teeth | pointed dog like teeth on the dental arch |
Cecum | first part of the large intestine |
Colon | Consists of the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid segments; another name for the large intestines |
Common Bile Duct | carries bile form the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum/choledochus |
Defecation | Elimination of feces from the digestive track through the anus |
Deglutition | Swallowing |
Dentin | commonly found in teeth and covered by the enamel in the crown and is a protective layer of the cementum in the root |
Digestion | Break sown of complex foods into simpler forms |
Duodenum | first part of the small intestine; measures 12 inches |
Elimination | Act of removal of materials from the body |
Emulsification | physical process of breaking do up large fat globules into smaller ones |
Enamel | hard outer layer of the tooth |
Enzyme | chemical that speeds up reactions between substances; names always end in -ase |
Esophagus | tube that connects the throat to the stomach |
Fatty Acids | substance produced when fats are digested and a category of lipids |
Feces | solid waste/stool |
Gallbladder | Small sac under the liver that stores bile |
Glucose | Simple sugar |
Glycogen | Starch; glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in liver cells |
Hydrochloric Acid | Substance produced by the stomach necessary for digestion |
ileum | Third part of small intestine |
incisor | 1/4 front teeth in the dental arch |
Jejunum | hormone produced by endocrine cells in the pancreas that transports sugar from the blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation in the liver |
Lipase | Pancreatic enzyme needed to digest fat |
Liver | large organ in the RUQ of the abdomen that secrets bile, stores sugar, iron, and vitamins, produces blood proteins, destroys RBC's, filters toxins, weighs 2 1/2- 3lbs |
Lower Esophageal Sphincter (Cardiac Sphincter) | ring of muscles between the esophagus and stomach; cardiac sphincter |
Mastication | Chewing |
Molar Teeth | 6th,7th,8th teeth from the middle on either side of the dental arch |
Palate | roof of mouth |
Pancreas | organ behind the stomach that produces enzymes and insulin |
Papillae/Papilla | small bumps on the tongue |
Peristalsis | rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs |
Pharyxn | Throat; the common passage way for food from mouth or air from nose |
Portal Vein | large vein that brings blood from the liver to the intestines |
Protease | Enzymes that digest protein |
Pulp | soft tissue within the tooth containing nerves and blood vessels |
Pyloric Sphincter | ring of muscles at the end of the stomach near the duodenum and it opens when a wave of peristalsis passes over it |
Pylorus | Distal region of the stomach/opening to the duodenum |
Rectum | last section of the lar intestines connecting the end to the anus |
Rugae | ridges on the hard palate and on stomach wall |
Saliva | digestive juice produced by Salivary Gland and contains the enzyme amylase |
Salivary glands | Patroid, sublingual ,and submandibular glands |
Sphincter | Circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage/closes a natural opening |
Stomach | Muscular organ that receives food from esophagus |
Triglycerides | Fat molecules composed of fatty Acids and one part glycerol/subgroup of lipids |
Uvula | soft tissue hanging in the middle of the soft palate |
Villi/Villus | Microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorbs nutrients into the blood stream |
Sigmoid Colon | 4th and last S-shaped segment of the colon that starts just before the rectum and empties into it |
Rein | Enzymatic hormone in adjusting blood pressure |
Erythroprotein | Hormone that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow |
Calciferol | Active form of vitamin D necessary for absorption of calcium from the small intestine |
Arteriole | Small artery |
Calyx/Calix | Cup like region of the renal pelvis that carries blood to the capillaries |
Catheter | tube used for injecting or removing fluids |
Cortex | outer region of the organ |
Creatinine | nitrogenous waste execrated in urine |
Electrolyte | Chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water |
Filtration | Process whereby some substances pass through a filter |
Glomerular capsule | enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus; also called bowman capsule |
Glomerulus | Tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney |
Hilum | depression in the part of an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave |
Kidney | one of two bean shaped organs that filter waste from the blood stream to form urine |
Meatus | opening or canal |
Medulla | inner region of an organ |
Nephron | The functional unit of the kidney where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place |
Nitrogenous Waste | substances containing nitrogen and excreted in urine |
Potassium (k+) | An electrolyte regulated by the kidney |
Reabsorption | Renal tubes return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream |
Renal Artery | Blood vessel that caries blood to the kidneys |
Renal Pelvis | Central Collecting region in the kidney |
Renal tubules | Microscopic tubes in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration |
Renal Vein | Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidneys |
Renin | Hormone secreted by the kidney that raises blood pressure |
sodium (NA+) | An electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys; common form is sodium chloride or salt |
Trigone | Triangular area in the urinary Bladder |
Urea | Major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine |
Ureter | One of two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder |
Urethra | tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body |
Uric Acid | Nitrogenous waste product excreted in the urine |
Urinary Bladder | Hollow muscular sac that holds/stores urine |
Urination/Voiding | Process of expelling urine |
Chyme | A semi-liquid, Partially digested mass that passes to the small intestines |
Calorie | A unit used to measure the amount of energy in foods |
Nutrient | Substances in foods that supply energy and raw materials your body needs for growth and repair |
Alimentary Canal | The one way tube that passes through the body beginning with the mouth and ending with the anus |
Vitamins | Complex organic molecules that activate enzymes and help them function |
Water | essential component used for chemical reactions in the body as well as used for cooling the body |
Bolus | A ball of thoroughly moistened/chewed food that passes down the esophagus |
Lacteal | Lymphatic vessels that absorbs fatty acids and glycerol from the small intestines |
Hard Palate | The boney roof of the mouth |
Epiglottis | Prevents food from entering the trachea or windpipe |
Larynx (Voice Box) | a hollow, tubular structure connected to the top of the trachea; air passes through the larynx on its way to the lungs. |