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USG Chapter 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the powers explicitly granted to Congress by the Constitution | expressed powers |
| the powers assumed by the government that are not specifically listed in the Constitution | implied powers |
| those delegated powers of the Constitution that are assumed to belong to the national government because it is a sovereign state | inherent powers |
| the powers that are not specifically granted to the federal government nor denied to the states that are reserved for the states | reserved powers |
| the power that is shared by both the federal and state governments | concurrent power |
| the provision of the Constitution that requires each state to honor the public acts, official records, and judicial proceedings of every other state | full faith and credit clause |
| the time period during which national and state governments were seen as equal authorities, operating over separate areas of influence, and the authority of national government was generally limited to the expressed powers listed in the Constitution | dual federalism |
| the belief that the states had the right to cancel federal laws with which they disagreed | doctrine of nullification |
| (1930–1960) an era of federalism during which the national and state government shared functional authority in broad policy areas; also called “marble cake” federalism | cooperative federalism |
| (1960–1980) the period in which the national government channeled federal funds to local governments and citizen groups to address problems that states could or would not address; also called “picket fence” federalism | creative federalism |
| (1980–present) the modern era in federalism in which authority that rested with the national government is being returned to the states; also called “devolution” | new federalism |
| (1980–present) the modern trend in federalism in which more power is given back to the states; also known as “new federalism” | devolution |
| a system of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system | fiscal federalism |
| federal funds given to state and local governments for specific projects | grants-in-aid |
| a federal grant that can only be used for a specific purpose, or category, of state and local spending; these grants usually require that the state contribute money in addition to the national money | categorical grant |
| federal grants given to state and local governments for broad purposes, such as welfare, community development, public health, or education | block grants |
| regulations that the national government imposes on state and local governments | federal mandates |
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