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Chapter 4 Key Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| federalism | A system of government in which a written constitution divides power between a central, or national, government and several regional governments |
| division of powers | Basic principle of federalism; the constitutional provisions by which governmental powers are divided on a geographic basis (in the United States, between the National Government and the States) |
| delegated powers | Those powers, expressed, implied, or inherent, granted to the National Government by the constitution |
| expressed powers | Those delegated powers of the National Government that are spelled out, expressly, in the Constitution; also called the "enumerated powers" |
| implied powers | Those delegated powers of the national Government that are suggested by the expressed powers set out in the Constitution; those "necessary and proper" to carry out the expressed powers. |
| inherent powers | Powers the Constitution is presumed to have delegated to the National Government because it is the government of a sovereign state within the world community |
| reserved powers | Those powers that the constitution does not grant to the National Government and does not, at the same time, deny to the States. |
| exclusive powers | Those powers that can be exercised by the National Government alone |
| concurrent powers | Those powers that both the National Government and the States possess and exercise |
| enabling act | A congressional act directing the people of a United States territory to frame a proposed State constitution as a step towards admission to the Union |
| act of admission | A congressional act admitting a new state to the union |
| grants-in-aid program | Grants of federal money or other resources to States, cities, counties, and other local units |
| revenue sharing | Form of federal monetary aid under which Congress gave a share of federal tax revenue, with virtually no restrictions, to the States, cities, counties, and townships. |
| categorical grant | One type of federal grants-in-aid; made for some specific, closely defined, purpose. |
| block grant | One type of federal grants-in-aid for some particular but broadly defined area of public policy. |
| project grant | One type of federal grants-in-aid; made for specific projects to States, localities, and private agencies who apply for them |
| interstate compact | Formal agreement entered into with the consent of Congress, between or among States, or between a State and a foreign State |
| Full Faith and Credit Clause | Constitution's requirement that each state accept the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state |
| extradition | The legal process by which a fugitive from justice in one state is returned to that state |
| Privileges and Immunities Clause | Constitutions stipulation that all citizens are entitled to certain privileges. regardless of their State of residence |
| a grant-in-aid program | In the 1800s, the National Government gave many States land to sell to fund State universities. |
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